Effects of Extractives on Dimensional Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Creep, and Stress Relaxation of Rice Straw/High-Density Polyethylene Composites
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Removal of Rice Straw Extractives
2.3. Preparation of Rice Straw/HDPE Composites
2.4. Analysis
2.4.1. Compositional Analysis of Rice Straw Flour
2.4.2. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Analysis
2.4.3. Bulk Density of both Extracted and Unextracted Rice Straw Flour
2.4.4. Optical Micrograph of the Internal State of Rice Straw/HDPE Composites
2.4.5. Water Absorption Test
2.4.6. Thermomechanical Analysis (TMA)
2.4.7. Creep and Relaxation Analysis
2.4.8. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA)
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Dynamic Mechanical Analysis
3.2. Water Absorption
3.3. Thermal Expansion Behavior
3.4. Creep and Relaxation Analysis
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Chemical Content | CW-RS | HW-RS | AL-RS | RS |
---|---|---|---|---|
Cellulose (%) | 41.84 ± 1.34 | 44.53 ± 0.66 | 58.72 ± 0.40 | 31.34 ± 1.24 |
Hemicelluloses (%) | 33.38 ± 0.31 | 29.63 ± 3.58 | 23.72 ± 1.13 | 26.30 ± 2.33 |
Lignin (%) | 17.31 ± 0.84 | 16.46 ± 0.48 | 1.66 ± 0.18 | 14.70 ± 0.77 |
Ash (%) | 7.47 ± 0.31 | 7.99 ± 0.34 | 5.25 ± 0.10 | 9.89 ± 0.10 |
CW extractives (%) | - | - | - | 13.82 ± 0.39 |
HW extractives (%) | - | - | - | 21.16 ± 0.59 |
AL extractives (%) | - | - | - | 49.85 ± 0.39 |
Samples | Single-LCTE (10-6 °C-1) | ||
---|---|---|---|
30 → 60 | 60 → (−30) | (−30) → 30 | |
RS/HDPE | 162.7 | 129.3 | 106.4 |
CW/HDPE | 193.8 | 162.8 | 126.7 |
HW/HDPE | 193.4 | 164.0 | 130.3 |
AL/HDPE | 200.3 | 179.0 | 151.2 |
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Wang, H.; Lin, F.; Qiu, P.; Liu, T. Effects of Extractives on Dimensional Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Creep, and Stress Relaxation of Rice Straw/High-Density Polyethylene Composites. Polymers 2018, 10, 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101176
Wang H, Lin F, Qiu P, Liu T. Effects of Extractives on Dimensional Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Creep, and Stress Relaxation of Rice Straw/High-Density Polyethylene Composites. Polymers. 2018; 10(10):1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101176
Chicago/Turabian StyleWang, Huanbo, Fazhi Lin, Pingping Qiu, and Tian Liu. 2018. "Effects of Extractives on Dimensional Stability, Dynamic Mechanical Properties, Creep, and Stress Relaxation of Rice Straw/High-Density Polyethylene Composites" Polymers 10, no. 10: 1176. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym10101176