Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Unexpected Trinuclear Cu(II) Complex from s-Triazine-Based Di-Compartmental Ligand via Self-Assembly
by
Saied M. Soliman 1,*
, Jamal Lasri 2, Matti Haukka 3, Essam N. Sholkamy 4, Hessa H. Al-Rasheed 5 and Ayman El-Faham 1,5,*
Saied M. Soliman 1,*, Jamal Lasri 2, Matti Haukka 3, Essam N. Sholkamy 4, Hessa H. Al-Rasheed 5 and Ayman El-Faham 1,5,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, P.O. Box 426, Ibrahimia, Alexandria 21321, Egypt
2
Department of Chemistry, Rabigh College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 344, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
3
Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
4
Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Crystals 2019, 9(12), 661; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9120661
Received: 20 November 2019 / Revised: 5 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 December 2019 / Published: 9 December 2019
The synthesis and X-ray crystal structure of the trinuclear [Cu3(HL)(Cl)2(NO3)(H2O)5](NO3)2 complex of the s-triazine-based di-compartmental ligand, 2-methoxy-4,6-bis(2-(pyridin-2-ylmsethylene)hydrazinyl)-1,3,5-triazine (H2L), are presented. The Cu1 and Cu2 are penta-coordinated with CuN3ClO coordination environment, distorted square pyramidal coordination geometry while Cu3 is hexa-coordinated with CuN2O4 coordination sphere, and distorted octahedral geometry. The complex crystallized in the primitive P-1 triclinic crystal system with two molecular units per unit cell. Its packing is dominated by the O–H (35.5%) and Cl–H (8.8%) hydrogen bonding interactions as well as the π–π stacking (2.3%) and anion–π-stacking interactions (3.7%). The different coordination interactions were analyzed using atoms in molecules (AIM) theory, and the number of charge transferences from the ligand group to Cu(II) were determined using natural bond orbital calculations. The effect of the free ligand and its Cu(II) complex on the tested pathogenic microbes (Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and one fungal isolate (Candida albicans) is presented. Both have wide spectrum antimicrobial activity against the selected microorganism. It is observed that the free ligand at 180 µg/mL was more effective than its Cu(II) complex and showed close results compared to the positive control gentamicin. At higher concentrations (1 mg/mL), the Cu(II) complex was found to be more active against S. epidermidis, E. coli and C. albicans than the lower concentration. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values are also lower for the Cu(II) complex than the free ligand.
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Keywords:
s-Triazine; trinuclear; Hirshfeld; antimicrobial; NBO
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MDPI and ACS Style
Soliman, S.M.; Lasri, J.; Haukka, M.; Sholkamy, E.N.; Al-Rasheed, H.H.; El-Faham, A. Synthesis, X-ray Crystal Structure and Antimicrobial Activity of Unexpected Trinuclear Cu(II) Complex from s-Triazine-Based Di-Compartmental Ligand via Self-Assembly. Crystals 2019, 9, 661.
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