Hydrophobic Calcium Carbonate for Cement Surface
by
Shashi B. Atla 1, Yi-Hsun Huang 2, James Yang 1, How-Ji Chen 2,*,†, Yi-Hao Kuo 2, Chun-Mei Hsu 3, Wen-Chien Lee 3, Chien-Cheng Chen 4, Duen-Wei Hsu 4 and Chien-Yen Chen 1,*,†
Shashi B. Atla 1, Yi-Hsun Huang 2, James Yang 1, How-Ji Chen 2,*,†, Yi-Hao Kuo 2, Chun-Mei Hsu 3, Wen-Chien Lee 3, Chien-Cheng Chen 4, Duen-Wei Hsu 4 and Chien-Yen Chen 1,*,†
1
Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Minhsiung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
2
Department of Civil Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, 250 Kuo Kuang Road, Taichung 4022, Taiwan
3
Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, 168 University Road, Ming-Shung, Chiayi County 62102, Taiwan
4
Department of Biotechnology, National Kaohsiung Normal University, No.62 Shenjhong Road, Yanchao Township, Kaohsiung County 82444, Taiwan
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Academic Editor: Linda Pastero
Crystals 2017, 7(12), 371; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst7120371
Received: 14 November 2017 / Revised: 6 December 2017 / Accepted: 8 December 2017 / Published: 11 December 2017
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbonates)
This report describes a novel way to generate a highly effective hydrophobic cement surface via a carbonation route using sodium stearate. Carbonation reaction was carried out at different temperatures to investigate the hydrophobicity and morphology of the calcium carbonate formed with this process. With increasing temperatures, the particles changed from irregular shapes to more uniform rod-like structures and then aggregated to form a plate-like formation. The contact angle against water was found to increase with increasing temperature; after 90 °C there was no further increase. The maximum contact angle of 129° was obtained at the temperature of 60 °C. It was also found that carbonation increased the micro hardness of the cement material. The micro hardness was found to be dependent on the morphology of the CaCO3 particles. The rod like structures which caused increased mineral filler produced a material with enhanced strength. The 13C cross polarization magic-angle spinning NMR spectra gave plausible explanation of the interaction of organic-inorganic moieties.
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Keywords:
SEM; X-ray diffraction; carbonation; micromechanics; CaCO3; cement
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
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MDPI and ACS Style
Atla, S.B.; Huang, Y.-H.; Yang, J.; Chen, H.-J.; Kuo, Y.-H.; Hsu, C.-M.; Lee, W.-C.; Chen, C.-C.; Hsu, D.-W.; Chen, C.-Y. Hydrophobic Calcium Carbonate for Cement Surface. Crystals 2017, 7, 371.
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