Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts

Kaniewski, Maciej; Huculak-Mączka, Marta; Zieliński, Jakub; Biegun, Marcin; Hoffmann, Krystyna; Hoffmann, Józef

doi:10.3390/cryst11101250

Open AccessArticle

Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts

by

Maciej Kaniewski

^1,*

,

Marta Huculak-Mączka

¹,

Jakub Zieliński

¹

,

Marcin Biegun

¹

,

Krystyna Hoffmann

² and

Józef Hoffmann

¹

Department of Engineering and Technology of Chemical Processes, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

²

Department of Micro, Nano and Bioprocess Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland

^*

Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.

Crystals 2021, 11(10), 1250; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250

Submission received: 16 September 2021 / Revised: 6 October 2021 / Accepted: 13 October 2021 / Published: 15 October 2021

(This article belongs to the Section Inorganic Crystalline Materials)

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Abstract

Samples of pure ammonium nitrate (AN) and its mixtures with calcium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate and potassium carbonate were investigated with the use of differential thermal analysis with mass spectrometry, powder X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. The main objective of the study was to determine the influence of selected carbonate materials on phase transitions of ammonium nitrate and to consider a possibility to use such potassium salts as fillers in fertilizer production. It was proven that all carbonate salts caused the absence of a phase transition that normally would occur at around 84–86 °C. Potassium carbonates were too reactive in systems containing AN. Based on the performed study, it was concluded that even though potassium carbonates are not fit to replace mineral fillers in the production process of fertilizers containing ammonium nitrate, they could be used in lesser amounts to remove the presence of low-temperature phase transitions of AN.

Keywords: crystalline phase; ammonium nitrate; carbonate salts; fertilizers; DTA-TG-MS

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kaniewski, M.; Huculak-Mączka, M.; Zieliński, J.; Biegun, M.; Hoffmann, K.; Hoffmann, J. Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts. Crystals 2021, 11, 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250

AMA Style

Kaniewski M, Huculak-Mączka M, Zieliński J, Biegun M, Hoffmann K, Hoffmann J. Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts. Crystals. 2021; 11(10):1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kaniewski, Maciej, Marta Huculak-Mączka, Jakub Zieliński, Marcin Biegun, Krystyna Hoffmann, and Józef Hoffmann. 2021. "Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts" Crystals 11, no. 10: 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250

APA Style

Kaniewski, M., Huculak-Mączka, M., Zieliński, J., Biegun, M., Hoffmann, K., & Hoffmann, J. (2021). Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts. Crystals, 11(10), 1250. https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst11101250

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Crystalline Phase Transitions and Reactivity of Ammonium Nitrate in Systems Containing Selected Carbonate Salts

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