Hydrogen from Renewables: A Case Study of Glycerol Reforming
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Glycerol Reforming Processes
2.1. H2 from Glycerol: An Overview
2.2. Aqueous Phase Reforming of Glycerol
2.2.1. Catalyst for Glycerol Aqueous Phase Reforming
APR Catalysts Supported on Alumina
APR Catalysts Supported on Carbon
APR Catalysts Supported on Ce and Zr Oxides
APR Catalysts Supported on Mg and Mg/Al Oxides
2.3. Glycerol Steam Reforming (SR)
2.3.1. Catalyst for Glycerol Steam Reforming
SR Catalysts Supported on Alumina
SR Catalysts Supported on Carbon
SR Catalysts Supported on Ce and Zr Oxides
SR Catalysts Supported on Mg Oxides
3. Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) Approach for A Sustainable Hydrogen Production from Glycerol
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Catalyst | T (°C) | Time (h) | Process | Conversion | H2 Yield | Conv. to Gas | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pt5%/Al2O3 | 240 | 4 | Batch | 84 | 41 | 14.1 | [40] |
Ni65%/SiO2–Al2O3 | 240 | 4 | Batch | 76 | n.a. | 48 *** | [41] |
Ni/Al2O3 | 250 | / | Fixed bed | 93 | n.a. | 53 | [48] |
PtNiAl | 230 | / | Fixed bed | 97 | n.a. | 58 | [49] |
Pt3%/Al2O3 | 250 | / | Fixed bed | 45 | 83 * | n.a. | [50] |
Pt3%Re3%/C | 225 | / | Fixed bed | 68.2 | n.a. | n.a. | [56] |
Pt3%Re3%/C | 225 | / | Fixed bed | 88.7 | 24.5 * | 58.5 *** | [59] |
Pt5%Mo (1:1)/C | 230 | / | Fixed bed | 26 | n.a. | n.a. | [60] |
Pt7%/CMK-9 | 260 | / | Fixed bed | n.a. | 98.7 | 94.7 | [61] |
1Cu–12Ni/MWNT | 240 | / | Fixed bed | 84 | 86 * | n.a. | [62] |
Pt5%Ni (1.5:1)/CNT | 230 | 4 | Batch | 81.2 | n.a. | 15.3 | [63] |
Pt/AC | 230 | / | Fixed Bed | n.a. | 69.6 ** | 17.2 | [45] |
Ni/CeO2-Al2O3 | 225 | / | Fixed bed | 36 | 32 ** | n.a. | [71] |
Pt1%/Al2O3-CeO2-ZrO2 | 250 | 2 | Batch | 29 | 81 * | n.a. | [72] |
Ni1Co3-2Ce/Al2O3 | 220 | / | Fixed bed | 55 | 55 | n.a. | [73] |
Pt3%Ce3%/Al2O3 | 240 | / | Fixed bed | 95 | 80 | 85 | [74] |
Pt1%Ni6%Ce3%/Al2O3 | 240 | / | Fixed bed | 96 | 96 | 94 | [75] |
Ni10%/Ce0.3Zr0.7O2 | 250 | / | Fixed bed | 90 | 45 * | 99 | [77] |
PtRh/MgO | 250 | / | Fixed bed | 62 | 97 * | 52 | [79] |
Pt/MgO | 225 | / | Fixed bed | n.a. | 28 | 48 | [80] |
Cu/MgO | 200 | 6 | Batch | 55 | n.a. | n.a. | [81] |
Pt/Mg(Al)O | 225 | 30 | Batch | n.a. | 64 * | n.a. | [82] |
n.a. | n.a. | n.a. | |||||
Pt/TiO2 | 225 | / | Fixed Bed | n.a. | 27 | 14.8 | [80] |
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Fasolini, A.; Cespi, D.; Tabanelli, T.; Cucciniello, R.; Cavani, F. Hydrogen from Renewables: A Case Study of Glycerol Reforming. Catalysts 2019, 9, 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090722
Fasolini A, Cespi D, Tabanelli T, Cucciniello R, Cavani F. Hydrogen from Renewables: A Case Study of Glycerol Reforming. Catalysts. 2019; 9(9):722. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090722
Chicago/Turabian StyleFasolini, Andrea, Daniele Cespi, Tommaso Tabanelli, Raffaele Cucciniello, and Fabrizio Cavani. 2019. "Hydrogen from Renewables: A Case Study of Glycerol Reforming" Catalysts 9, no. 9: 722. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9090722