The Promotional Effects of ZrO2 and Au on the CuZnO Catalyst Regarding the Durability and Activity of the Partial Oxidation of Methanol
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Durability of Catalysts
2.2. Physiochemical Properties of the CZ Catalysts with ZrO2 and Gold Promoter
2.3. Reducibility of Catalyst
2.4. Oxygen Mobility of Catalyst
2.5. In-Situ DRIFTS
3. Materials and Methods
3.1. Preparation of Catalyst
3.2. Characterization of Catalysts
3.3. Catalytic Activity and Durability
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample | Ti | Reduction State d(Cu) a nm | After POM Reaction d(Cu) a nm | d(Cu) Increase % | Deactivation Rate Constant b ± CI c (hr−1) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CZ | 180 | 6.25 | 19.50 | 212 | 0.358 ± 0.0238 |
CZrZ | 175 | 5.40 | 12.24 | 127 | 0.202 ± 0.0248 |
A5CZrZ | 120 | 3.97 | 9.00 | 127 | 0.191 ± 0.0253 |
A5CZ | 125 | 3.30 | 11.78 | 257 | 0.351 ± 0.0256 |
Sample Name | Metallic Composition a | Cu Dispersion (%) b | BET | dCuO | dCu | dZnO | Composition of Catalyst Surfaces d (%) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
(wt.%) | Surface Area | (nm) c | (nm) c | (nm) c | |||||||||||
Au | Cu | Zr | Zn | (m²/g) | Cu (111) | Cu (200) | Zn (101) | Au4f | Cu2p | Zr3d | Zn2p | Au0/Au3+ | |||
Fresh | After POM | ||||||||||||||
CZ | – | 29.8 | – | 70.2 | 20.51 | 34.59 | 5.65 | 6.25 | 9.03 | – | 26.24 | – | 73.76 | – | – |
CZrZ | – | 31.2 | 15.9 | 52.9 | 21.02 | 77.52 | 4.49 | 5.40 | 6.42 | – | 27.85 | 3.38 | 68.77 | – | – |
A1CZrZ | 1.0 | 31.4 | 15.4 | 52.2 | 26.93 | 64.06 | 4.81 | 4.33 | 6.96 | 10.07 | 27.45 | 4.39 | 58.09 | 0.65 | 0.83 |
A3CZrZ | 3.1 | 31.6 | 15.6 | 49.7 | 28.32 | 73.21 | 4.09 | 4.28 | 5.98 | 10.18 | 28.29 | 4.89 | 56.64 | 0.85 | 1.11 |
A5CZrZ | 4.5 | 31.7 | 16.7 | 47.1 | 27.92 | 77.03 | 3.48 | 3.97 | 5.69 | 11.59 | 26.35 | 3.72 | 58.34 | 1.37 | 1.43 |
Catalyst | CZ | CZrZ | A1CZrZ | A3CZrZ | A5CZrZ | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fractions of TPR Area (%) | β | 56 | 61 | 50 | 51 | 48 |
α | 44 | 39 | 50 | 49 | 53 |
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Huang, H.-Y.; Chen, H.-I.; Huang, Y.-J. The Promotional Effects of ZrO2 and Au on the CuZnO Catalyst Regarding the Durability and Activity of the Partial Oxidation of Methanol. Catalysts 2018, 8, 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090345
Huang H-Y, Chen H-I, Huang Y-J. The Promotional Effects of ZrO2 and Au on the CuZnO Catalyst Regarding the Durability and Activity of the Partial Oxidation of Methanol. Catalysts. 2018; 8(9):345. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090345
Chicago/Turabian StyleHuang, Hsiao-Yu, Hao-I Chen, and Yuh-Jeen Huang. 2018. "The Promotional Effects of ZrO2 and Au on the CuZnO Catalyst Regarding the Durability and Activity of the Partial Oxidation of Methanol" Catalysts 8, no. 9: 345. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090345