Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Hf(OTf)4 Lewis Acid in Water
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. Effect of Ionic Radii of Lewis Acidic Metal Salts on the Catalytic Performance
2.2. Effect of the Anion Type of Lewis Acidic Metal Salts on the Catalytic Performance
2.3. Effect of Valence State of Lewis Acidic Metal Salts on the Catalytic Performance
2.4. The Recyclability of Hf(OTf)4 Catalyst and Its Deactivation/Reactivation Mechanism
Catalysts | HMF Yield % | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1st run | 2nd run | 3rd run | 4th run | 5th run | |
25 mM Hf(OTf)4 | 60 | 26 | 16 | 9 | 4 |
stoichiometric HCl | trace | n/a | n/a | n/a | n/a |
25 mM Hf(OTf)4 + stoichiometric HCl | 60 | 57 | 56 | 57 | 56 |
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Materials
3.2. Reaction Testing
3.2.1. Preparation of Reaction Solution
3.2.2. Biphasic Reaction Conditions
3.3. Sample Analysis
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Li, J.; Ma, Y.; Wang, L.; Song, Z.; Li, H.; Wang, T.; Li, H.; Eli, W. Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Hf(OTf)4 Lewis Acid in Water. Catalysts 2016, 6, 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6010001
Li J, Ma Y, Wang L, Song Z, Li H, Wang T, Li H, Eli W. Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Hf(OTf)4 Lewis Acid in Water. Catalysts. 2016; 6(1):1. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6010001
Chicago/Turabian StyleLi, Junjie, Yubo Ma, Lei Wang, Zean Song, Huiping Li, Tianfu Wang, Hongyi Li, and Wumanjiang Eli. 2016. "Catalytic Conversion of Glucose into 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural by Hf(OTf)4 Lewis Acid in Water" Catalysts 6, no. 1: 1. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal6010001