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Catalysts
Volume 15
Issue 7
10.3390/catal15070622
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This is an early access version, the complete PDF, HTML, and XML versions will be available soon.
Article

Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels

by
Mengyue Chen
,
Tianqi Huang
,
Shuang Tong
,
Chao Wang
and
Ming Zhang
*
Institute for Energy Research & School of the Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2025, 15(7), 622; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070622
Submission received: 14 April 2025 / Revised: 9 June 2025 / Accepted: 22 June 2025 / Published: 24 June 2025
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ionic Liquids and Deep Eutectic Solvents in Catalysis)
Versions Notes

Abstract

To address the challenge of ultra-deep desulfurization in fuels, a series of heteropolyacid-based poly(ionic liquid) catalysts (C4-PIL@PW, C8-PIL@PW, and C16-PIL@PW) were synthesized via radical polymerization and anion exchange methods. The prepared catalysts were characterized via FT-IR, XRD pattern, and Raman spectroscopy. Optimal reaction parameters (e.g., temperature, catalyst dosage, and O/S molar ratio) were systematically investigated, as well as the catalytic mechanism. The typical sample C8-PIL@PW exhibited exceptional oxidative desulfurization (ODS) performance, achieving a sulfur removal of 99.2% for dibenzothiophene (DBT) without any organic solvent as extractant. Remarkably, the sulfur removal could still retain 89% after recycling five times without regeneration. This study provides a sustainable and high-efficiency catalyst for ODS, offering insights into fuel purification strategies.
Keywords: oxidative desulfurization; poly(ionic liquid)s; polyoxometalate; anion exchange oxidative desulfurization; poly(ionic liquid)s; polyoxometalate; anion exchange

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MDPI and ACS Style

Chen, M.; Huang, T.; Tong, S.; Wang, C.; Zhang, M. Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels. Catalysts 2025, 15, 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070622

AMA Style

Chen M, Huang T, Tong S, Wang C, Zhang M. Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels. Catalysts. 2025; 15(7):622. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070622

Chicago/Turabian Style

Chen, Mengyue, Tianqi Huang, Shuang Tong, Chao Wang, and Ming Zhang. 2025. "Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels" Catalysts 15, no. 7: 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070622

APA Style

Chen, M., Huang, T., Tong, S., Wang, C., & Zhang, M. (2025). Heteropolyacid-Based Poly(Ionic Liquid) Catalyst for Ultra-Deep and Recyclable Oxidative Desulfurization of Fuels. Catalysts, 15(7), 622. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15070622

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