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Volume 15
Issue 12
10.3390/catal15121166
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Article

Micron Aluminum Concurrently Encapsulated with Metallic Copper, Cobalt, and Iron Nanoparticles and Its Catalysis on Thermolysis and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate and Hexogen

by
Xiaolan Song
1,*,
Hangchen Liu
1,
Wenhu Yan
1 and
Yi Wang
2,*
1
School of Environment and Safety Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
2
School of Materials Science and Engineering, North University of China, Taiyuan 030051, China
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Catalysts 2025, 15(12), 1166; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121166
Submission received: 14 November 2025 / Revised: 3 December 2025 / Accepted: 9 December 2025 / Published: 12 December 2025
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Abstract

In the realm of composite solid propellant research, the enhancement of energy performance without altering the underlying formulation holds paramount significance. This investigation employed an in situ displacement technique to establish a highly reactive interface, successfully synthesizing the [nCu+nCo+nFe]/μAl composite material, which considerably augmented the energy performance of RDX/AP. The decomposition pathways of ammonium perchlorate (AP) and RDX were optimized, resulting in a reduction in their thermal decomposition temperatures by 1.3 °C and 22.4 °C, respectively. Simultaneously, the highly reactive interface promoted efficient oxygen transport, thereby facilitating more rapid and complete reactions of aluminum. Moreover, the distinct dual-catalyst efficacy of the composite significantly enhanced the combustion efficiency of the composite energy micro-unit. Consequently, the [nCu+nCo+nFe]/μAl+RDX/AP composite energetic micro-units exhibited a notable decrease in combustion duration (from 1.58 s to 1.07 s) and elevated combustion flame temperatures (ranging from 1712.8 °C to 2205.6 °C) alongside an expanded combustion area, thus underscoring its potential for advanced propulsion applications.
Keywords: micron-sized aluminum; nanoscale coating; RDX; AP; thermolysis; combustion micron-sized aluminum; nanoscale coating; RDX; AP; thermolysis; combustion
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MDPI and ACS Style

Song, X.; Liu, H.; Yan, W.; Wang, Y. Micron Aluminum Concurrently Encapsulated with Metallic Copper, Cobalt, and Iron Nanoparticles and Its Catalysis on Thermolysis and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate and Hexogen. Catalysts 2025, 15, 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121166

AMA Style

Song X, Liu H, Yan W, Wang Y. Micron Aluminum Concurrently Encapsulated with Metallic Copper, Cobalt, and Iron Nanoparticles and Its Catalysis on Thermolysis and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate and Hexogen. Catalysts. 2025; 15(12):1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121166

Chicago/Turabian Style

Song, Xiaolan, Hangchen Liu, Wenhu Yan, and Yi Wang. 2025. "Micron Aluminum Concurrently Encapsulated with Metallic Copper, Cobalt, and Iron Nanoparticles and Its Catalysis on Thermolysis and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate and Hexogen" Catalysts 15, no. 12: 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121166

APA Style

Song, X., Liu, H., Yan, W., & Wang, Y. (2025). Micron Aluminum Concurrently Encapsulated with Metallic Copper, Cobalt, and Iron Nanoparticles and Its Catalysis on Thermolysis and Combustion of Ammonium Perchlorate and Hexogen. Catalysts, 15(12), 1166. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15121166

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