Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Materials Based on Inorganic Polymers (Geopolymers): A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Aluminosilicate Geopolymers: Composition, Synthesis and Structure
3. Mechanism of Photocatalysis in Geopolymers
4. Aluminosilicate Geopolymers with Photocatalytic Functionality
4.1. Geopolymer/TiO2 Photocatalysts
4.2. Geopolymer/Graphene Photocatalysts
4.3. Geopolymer/Cu2O Photocatalysts
4.4. Geopolymer/Carbon Nanotube Photocatalysts
4.5. Other Geopolymer Photocatalysts
5. Conclusions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Photocatalyst | Bandgap (eV) | Photocatalyst | Bandgap (eV) |
---|---|---|---|
Diamond | 5.4 | SnO2 | 3.8 |
Cubic ZnS | 3.6 | SrTiO3 | 3.4 |
ZnO | 3.3 | TiO2 (anatase) | 3.2 |
α-Fe2O3 | 3.1 | TiO2 (rutile) | 3.0 |
WO3 | 2.8 | CdS | 2.4 |
Fe2O3 | 2.2 | Cu2O | 2.1 |
CdSe | 1.7 | CdTe | 1.4 |
WSe2 | 1.2 | Si | 1.1 |
Adsorbent | Preparation Method | TiO2 Type | TiO2 Content | Adsorbate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
TiO2/fly ash or metakaolin geopolymer | Mixing | P25 | 3% | NO and NOx | Strini 2016 [32] |
TiO2/metakaolin geopolymer | Ion-Exchange | Anatase | 28% | MB | Gasca-Tirado 2012 [35] |
TiO2/fly ash-metakaolin geopolymer | Sol-Gel dip coating | Anatase, Rutile | NA | MB | Chen 2017 [31] |
TiO2/fly ash geopolymer | Mixing | P25 | 10% | MB | Yang 2019 [36] |
TiO2/metakaolin geopolymer spheres | Inside quartz tube at high temperature | P25 | 10 mg | MB | Bravo 2019 [33] |
Matrix | Preparation Method | Graphene Content (%) | Adsorbate | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|
graphene/fly ash-based geopolymer | Mixing | 0.1, 0.4, 0.7 and 1 | Indigo carmine | Zhang 2018 [43] |
graphene oxide/calcined kaolinite-based geopolymer | Mixing | 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 | Methylene blue | Lertcumfu 2020 [37] |
graphene/blast furnace slag-based geopolymer | Mixing | 0.01 | Methyl violet | Zhang 2016 [42] |
Cycle Number | Degradation (%) |
---|---|
1 | 92.7 |
2 | 90.6 |
3 | 89.7 |
4 | 88.5 |
5 | 87.8 |
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Falah, M.; MacKenzie, K.J.D. Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Materials Based on Inorganic Polymers (Geopolymers): A Review. Catalysts 2020, 10, 1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101158
Falah M, MacKenzie KJD. Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Materials Based on Inorganic Polymers (Geopolymers): A Review. Catalysts. 2020; 10(10):1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101158
Chicago/Turabian StyleFalah, Mahroo, and Kenneth J. D. MacKenzie. 2020. "Photocatalytic Nanocomposite Materials Based on Inorganic Polymers (Geopolymers): A Review" Catalysts 10, no. 10: 1158. https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101158