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Volume 10
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10.3390/computers10030033
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Article

A Geometric Approach to Noisy EDM Resolution in FTM Measurements †

by
Jerome Henry
1,*,
Nicolas Montavont
2,
Yann Busnel
2,
Romaric Ludinard
2 and
Ivan Hrasko
3
1
Cisco Systems, Research Triangle Park, NC 27560, USA
2
IMT Atlantique, IRISA, 35510 Cesson-Sévigné, France
3
Cisco Systems, 821 09 Bratislava, Slovakia
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
This paper is an extended version of our paper published in 16th Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob 2020).
Computers 2021, 10(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10030033
Submission received: 31 January 2021 / Revised: 9 March 2021 / Accepted: 9 March 2021 / Published: 12 March 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Selected Papers from 16th&17th Wireless and Mobile Computing, Networking And Communications (WiMob 2020&2021))
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Abstract

Metric Multidimensional Scaling is commonly used to solve multi-sensor location problems in 2D or 3D spaces. In this paper, we show that such technique provides poor results in the case of indoor location problems based on 802.11 Fine Timing Measurements, because the number of anchors is small and the ranging error asymmetrically distributed. We then propose a two-step iterative approach based on geometric resolution of angle inaccuracies. The first step reduces the effect of poor ranging exchanges. The second step reconstructs the anchor positions, starting from the distances of highest likely-accuracy. We show that this geometric approach provides better location accuracy results than other Euclidean Distance Metric techniques based on Least Square Error logic. We also show that the proposed technique, with the input of one or more known location, can allow a set of fixed sensors to auto-determine their position on a floor plan.
Keywords: FTM; fine timing measurement; 802.11; mMDS; euclidean distance metric; multidimensional scaling FTM; fine timing measurement; 802.11; mMDS; euclidean distance metric; multidimensional scaling

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MDPI and ACS Style

Henry, J.; Montavont, N.; Busnel, Y.; Ludinard, R.; Hrasko, I. A Geometric Approach to Noisy EDM Resolution in FTM Measurements. Computers 2021, 10, 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10030033

AMA Style

Henry J, Montavont N, Busnel Y, Ludinard R, Hrasko I. A Geometric Approach to Noisy EDM Resolution in FTM Measurements. Computers. 2021; 10(3):33. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10030033

Chicago/Turabian Style

Henry, Jerome, Nicolas Montavont, Yann Busnel, Romaric Ludinard, and Ivan Hrasko. 2021. "A Geometric Approach to Noisy EDM Resolution in FTM Measurements" Computers 10, no. 3: 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10030033

APA Style

Henry, J., Montavont, N., Busnel, Y., Ludinard, R., & Hrasko, I. (2021). A Geometric Approach to Noisy EDM Resolution in FTM Measurements. Computers, 10(3), 33. https://doi.org/10.3390/computers10030033

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