Systemic Therapy of Non-Resectable Metastatic Melanoma
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Chemotherapy
Chemotherapy | |
---|---|
Single-agent chemotherapy | |
Dacarbazine (DTIC) | 200–250 mg/m2/day i. v., 5 daily doses
800–1200 mg/m2 i. v., every 3–4 weeks |
Temozolomide | 150–200 mg/m2 p. o. 5 daily doses (day 1–5), every 4 weeks
150 mg/m2 p. o., day 1–7, then 7 days pause (biweekly) |
Fotemustine | 100 mg/m2 i. V. day 1 and 8 and 15, then 5 weeks pause, continuation every 3 weeks |
Vindesine | 3 mg/m2 i. v., every 2 weeks |
Combination chemotherapy | |
Carboplatin/ Paclitaxel | Carboplatin AUC 6 i. v. day 1
Paclitaxel 225 mg/m2 i. v. day 1 every 3 weeks |
Gemcitabine/ Treosulfan | Gemcitabine 1000 mg/m2 i. v. day 1 and 8
Treosulfan 3500 mg/m2 i. v. day 1 and 8 every 3 weeks |
BHD | BCNU 150 mg/m2 i. v. day 1, every 2 cycles
Hydroxyurea 1500 mg/m2 p. o. day 1–5 Dacarbazine 150 mg/m2 i. v. day 1–5 every 4 weeks |
BOLD | Bleomycin 15 mg/m2 i. v., day 1 and 4
Vincristine 1 mg/m2 i. v. day 1 and 5 CCNU 80 mg/m2 p. o. day 1 Dacarbazine 200 mg/m2 i. v. day 1–5 every 4 weeks |
DVP | Dacarbazine 450 mg/m2 i. v., day 1 and 8
Vindesine 3 mg/m2 i. v., day 1 and 8 Cisplatin 50 mg/m2 i. v., day 1 and 8, every 3–4 weeks |
2.1. Dacarbazine (DTIC)
2.2. Temozolomide
2.3. Fotemustine
2.4. Vindesine
2.5. Polychemotherapy
3. Immunotherapy
3.1. Cytokines
3.2. Monoclonal Antibodies
3.3. Vaccines
3.3.1. Allogeneic and Autologous Vaccines
3.3.2. MAGE-3
4. Small Molecules and Targeted Therapies
Agent | Target protein | Literature |
---|---|---|
Receptor tyrosinase kinase (RTK) inhibitors | ||
Imatinib, Dasatinib,
Sunitinib, Erlotinib | RTKs | [43,44] |
SUI1274 | c-Met/HGF | [45] |
RAS-RAF-MEK-ERK signal pathway inhibitors | ||
AZD6244 | MEK1, 2 | [46] |
PD0325901 | MEK1, 2 | [47] |
PLX4032, PLX4720 | Mutant B-Raf | [48,49] |
Sorafenib | B-Raf, c-Kit, C-Raf Flt-3, PDGF, VEGF-2 , VEGF -3 | [50,51,52] |
Tanespimycin | Hsp90, as well as B-Raf, Akt, and others) | [53] |
Tipifarnib | Farnesyltransferase | [52] |
PI3K-AKT signal pathway inhibitors | ||
Deforolimus,
Everolimus, Temsirolimus | MTOR | [54,55] |
Perifosine, PX-866 | Akt | [56] |
PI 103 | PI3K/mTOR | [57] |
SB216763 | GSK3beta | [58] |
XL765 | PI3K/mTOR | [59] |
Targeting anti-apoptotic proteins | ||
ABT-737 | Bcl-2 group | [60] |
Obatoclax mesylate
(GX15-070) | Bcl-2 group | [61] |
Oblimersen sodium
(G3139) | Bcl-2 | [62] |
YM155 | Survivin | [63] |
Targeting the neovasculature | ||
Bevacizumab | VEGF | [64,65] |
Axitinib (AG-013736) | VEGF | [66] |
Others | ||
Bortezomib (PS-341) | proteasome | [67,68] |
Elesclomol | oxidative stress induction | [69] |
5. Conclusion
Declaims
References
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Orouji, A.; Goerdt, S.; Utikal, J. Systemic Therapy of Non-Resectable Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers 2010, 2, 955-969. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2020955
Orouji A, Goerdt S, Utikal J. Systemic Therapy of Non-Resectable Metastatic Melanoma. Cancers. 2010; 2(2):955-969. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2020955
Chicago/Turabian StyleOrouji, Azadeh, Sergij Goerdt, and Jochen Utikal. 2010. "Systemic Therapy of Non-Resectable Metastatic Melanoma" Cancers 2, no. 2: 955-969. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers2020955