Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Ethics Approval and Study Design
2.2. Data Collection and Annotation
2.3. TTMV-HPV DNA Testing
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Population
3.2. Patterns and Frequency of TTMV-HPV DNA Testing
3.3. Baseline TTMV-HPV DNA Detectability
3.4. Post-Treatment TTMV-HPV DNA Performance Metrics
3.5. Correlation with Clinical Recurrence
3.6. Resolution of Positive Baseline TTMV-HPV DNA
3.7. Resolution of Clinically Indeterminate Findings (CIFs)
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Characteristic | n = 117 (%) |
---|---|
Median age, years (range) | 63 (36–91) |
Biological sex | |
Female | 85 (72.6) |
Male | 32 (27.4) |
Race and ethnicity | |
White | 85 (72.6) |
Black or African American | 12 (10.3) |
Other | 15 (12.8) |
Preferred not to answer | 5 (4.3) |
Smoking status | |
Never | 59 (50.4) |
Former (≥10 pack years) | 32 (27.4) |
Current | 25 (21.4) |
HIV status | |
Negative | 93 (79.5) |
Positive | 14 (12.0) |
Unknown | 10 (8.5) |
Transplant status | |
Not a transplant patient | 114 (97.4) |
Transplant patient | 2 (1.7) |
Unknown | 1 (0.9) |
Site of primary disease | |
Anal canal, no pelvic involvement | 74 (63.2) |
Anal canal with pelvic involvement A | 39 (33.3) |
Anal/perianal skin | 3 (2.6) |
Rectum | 1 (0.9) |
HPV reference testing method B | |
p16 (by IHC) only | 84 (71.8) |
p16 IHC and HPV PCR or ISH | 5 (4.3) |
HPV PCR or ISH only | 4 (3.4) |
TTMV-HPV DNA (FFPE tissue) | 9 (7.7) |
Unreported methodology | 15 (12.8) |
HPV subtype C | |
16 | 74 (92.5) |
16/18 | 1 (0.9) |
18 | 3 (2.6) |
33 | 2 (1.7) |
Initial primary tumor staging D | |
T0 | 1 (0.85) |
T1 | 19 (16.2) |
T2 | 44 (37.6) |
T3 | 32 (27.4) |
T4 | 21 (17.9) |
Nodal status at baseline D | |
N0 | 44 (37.6) |
N1 | 73 (62.4) |
Distant metastasis at baseline D | |
M0 | 110 (94.0) |
M1 | 7 (6.0) |
Cancer stage | |
I | 12 (10.3) |
II | 30 (25.6) |
III | 68 (58.1) |
IV | 7 (6.0) |
Initial treatment modality | |
CRT | 106 (90.6) |
Radiation | 4 (3.4) |
Surgery, CRT | 3 (2.6) |
Chemotherapy | 2 (1.7) |
Surgery | 2 (1.7) |
Cohort | True Positives | False Negatives | Sensitivity | 95% CI |
---|---|---|---|---|
Per-patient | 41 | 7 | 85.4 | 75.4–95.4 |
Per-Test Accuracy Measures | |||
Disease “+” | Disease “−” | Predictive value A | |
Test positive | 41 | 1 | PPV = 97.6% (93.0–100) |
Test negative | 7 | 134 | NPV = 95.0% (91.5–98.6) |
Sensitivity and specificity | Sens. = 85.4% (75.4–95.4) | Spec. = 99.3% (97.8–100) | |
Per-Patient Accuracy Measures | |||
Test positive | 24 | 1 | PPV = 96.0% (88.3–100) |
Test negative | 5 A,B | 62 | NPV = 92.5% (86.2–98.8) |
Sensitivity and specificity | Sens. = 82.8% (69.0–96.5) | Spec. = 98.4% (95.3–100) |
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Kabarriti, R.; Lloyd, S.; Jabalee, J.; Del Vecchio Fitz, C.; Tao, R.; Slater, T.; Jacobs, C.; Inocencio, S.; Rutenberg, M.; Matthiesen, C.; et al. Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence. Cancers 2025, 17, 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020174
Kabarriti R, Lloyd S, Jabalee J, Del Vecchio Fitz C, Tao R, Slater T, Jacobs C, Inocencio S, Rutenberg M, Matthiesen C, et al. Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence. Cancers. 2025; 17(2):174. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020174
Chicago/Turabian StyleKabarriti, Rafi, Shane Lloyd, James Jabalee, Catherine Del Vecchio Fitz, Randa Tao, Tyler Slater, Corbin Jacobs, Sean Inocencio, Michael Rutenberg, Chance Matthiesen, and et al. 2025. "Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence" Cancers 17, no. 2: 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020174
APA StyleKabarriti, R., Lloyd, S., Jabalee, J., Del Vecchio Fitz, C., Tao, R., Slater, T., Jacobs, C., Inocencio, S., Rutenberg, M., Matthiesen, C., Neff, K., Liu, G.-F., Juarez, T. M., & Liauw, S. L. (2025). Evaluating Tumor Tissue Modified Viral (TTMV)-HPV DNA for the Early Detection of Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Recurrence. Cancers, 17(2), 174. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17020174