Oncological Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Focal and Whole-Gland Interventions in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Systematic Search
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Study Selection Process
2.4. Data Extraction
2.5. Risk of Bias Assessment
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Search and Selection
3.2. Basic Characteristics of Included Studies
3.3. Recurrence Rates
3.4. Complications
3.5. Survival Outcomes: OS, CSS, and MFS
3.6. Biochemical Outcomes
3.7. Functional Outcomes
3.8. Retreatment
3.9. Risk of Bias Assessment
3.10. Publication Bias and Heterogeneity
4. Discussion
4.1. Strengths and Limitations
4.2. Implications for Practice and Research
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AS | Active surveillance |
BFRS | Biochemical recurrence-free survival |
CI | Confidence interval |
CSS | Cancer-specific survival |
FFS | Failure-free survival |
FT | Focal therapy |
HIFU | High-intensity focused ultrasound |
IRE | Irreversible electroporation |
ISUP | International Society of Urological Pathology |
MFS | Metastasis-free survival |
MRI | Magnetic resonance imaging |
NA | Not available |
NCCN | National Comprehensive Cancer Network |
OR | Odds ratio |
OS | Overall survival |
PCa | Prostate cancer |
PICO | Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome |
PI | Prediction interval |
PRISMA | Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses |
PSA | Prostate-specific antigen |
RCT | Randomized controlled trials |
ROBINS-I | Risk of Bias In Non-randomized Studies of Interventions |
RoB 2 | Risk of Bias 2 |
RP | Radical prostatectomy |
RT | Radiotherapy |
TNM | Tumor Node Metastasis |
Appendix A. Risk of Bias Assessment Methodology Regarding Prospective and Retrospective Non-Randomized Cohort and Registry Studies (ROBINS-I Tool)
Appendix B. Risk of Bias Assessment Methodology Regarding Randomized Controlled Trials of Interventions (RoB2 Tool)
References
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Skribek, B.; Szabó, A.; Ács, J.; Cavalcante, B.G.N.; Sipos, B.D.; Hegyi, P.; Mátrai, P.; Nyirády, P.; Ács, N.; Majoros, A.; et al. Oncological Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Focal and Whole-Gland Interventions in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers 2025, 17, 2863. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172863
Skribek B, Szabó A, Ács J, Cavalcante BGN, Sipos BD, Hegyi P, Mátrai P, Nyirády P, Ács N, Majoros A, et al. Oncological Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Focal and Whole-Gland Interventions in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers. 2025; 17(17):2863. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172863
Chicago/Turabian StyleSkribek, Benjamin, Anett Szabó, Júlia Ács, Bianca Golzio Navarro Cavalcante, Boglárka Dorina Sipos, Péter Hegyi, Péter Mátrai, Péter Nyirády, Nándor Ács, Attila Majoros, and et al. 2025. "Oncological Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Focal and Whole-Gland Interventions in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Cancers 17, no. 17: 2863. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172863
APA StyleSkribek, B., Szabó, A., Ács, J., Cavalcante, B. G. N., Sipos, B. D., Hegyi, P., Mátrai, P., Nyirády, P., Ács, N., Majoros, A., & Deák, P. Á. (2025). Oncological Efficacy and Safety of Minimally Invasive Focal and Whole-Gland Interventions in the Treatment of Low- and Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers, 17(17), 2863. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17172863