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Open AccessReview
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics
by
Seohyun Park
Seohyun Park 1,
Guo-Liang Lu
Guo-Liang Lu
Guo-Liang Lu completed his PhD in organic chemistry at Nankai University. He was appointed Associate [...]
Guo-Liang Lu completed his PhD in organic chemistry at Nankai University. He was appointed Associate Professor at Hebei Normal University in 1997 and later became a visiting scholar at Hong Kong Baptist University in 1999. In 2001, he joined the University of Auckland as a postdoctoral researcher with Professors Warren Roper FRS and James Wright in the School of Chemical Sciences. He was appointed Research Fellow at the Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre in 2004. He is an Associate Investigator at the Maurice Wilkins Centre for Molecular Biodiscovery and a Councillor of the New Zealand Association of Scientists. His current research focuses on the development of anticancer agents, including antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs), hypoxia-activated prodrugs (HAPs) and metal-based drugs (MBDs), as well as anti-tuberculosis (TB) agents. He has published more than 105 peer-reviewed journal articles and is a co-inventor on seven international patents.
2,3
,
Yi-Chao Zheng
Yi-Chao Zheng
Yichao Zheng received his Bachelor's degree in Pharmaceutical Science from China Pharmaceutical in a [...]
Yichao Zheng received his Bachelor's degree in Pharmaceutical Science from China Pharmaceutical University in 2008 and his Master's degree in Pharmacy from Katholieke Universiteit Leuven in 2010. He earned his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry from Zhengzhou University in 2014. He is now a Professor and Doctoral Supervisor at Zhengzhou University, where he serves as the Deputy Director of Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Drug Quality Control and Evaluation. Professor Zheng has received numerous honors, including the Henan Provincial Outstanding Young Talents Award and Zhengzhou Municipal Youth Science & Technology Award. He serves in multiple academic leadership roles, including a committee member of the Chinese Pharmacological Society and an associate editor for International Immunopharmacology. His work has been supported by key grants, including National Natural Science Foundation projects and Henan Provincial Key R&D Program. His research topics mainly include the following: epigenetic drug discovery, protein post-translational modifications (particularly histone demethylation and deubiquitination), development of targeted protein degraders (PROTACs) and the regulatory mechanisms of small extracellular vesicles in disease pathogenesis.
4,5,6,
Emma K. Davison
Emma K. Davison 1,3
and
Yan Li
Yan Li
Yan Li earned his medical degree in 1997, followed by a Master of Science from the University of in [...]
Yan Li earned his medical degree in 1997, followed by a Master of Science from the University of Auckland in 2003 and a PhD from the University of Otago in 2007. Currently an Associate Professor at Auckland University of Technology (AUT), he serves as Programme Leader for Biomedical Science. His distinguished career in biomedical research includes supervising 9 PhD and 15 Master’s students to completion, securing research grants from prestigious organisations such as the Auckland Medical Research Foundation and the New Zealand Cancer Society, and authoring numerous publications. Dr. Li holds memberships, including Associate Investigator at the Maurice Wilkins Centre, and serves as an Associate Editor for Frontiers in Pharmacology. He leads key courses (BMED600, BMED700, BMED701, BIOL801) and fosters active collaborations with overseas institutions, including Sun Yat-sen University, Kanazawa University and Zhengzhou University. His research focuses on membrane transporter proteins (notably ABC and SLC transporters), pharmacokinetic disposition, drug resistance mechanisms, and immunity modulation.
1,3,*
1
School of Science, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland 0102, New Zealand
2
Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 0102, New Zealand
3
Maurice Wilkins Centre, University of Auckland, Auckland 0102, New Zealand
4
State Key Laboratory of Metabolic Dysregulation & Prevention and Treatment of Esophageal Cancer, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
5
Key Laboratory of Advanced Drug Preparation Technologies, Ministry of Education of China, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
6
Key Laboratory of Henan Province for Drug Quality and Evaluation; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Submission received: 5 July 2025
/
Revised: 29 July 2025
/
Accepted: 8 August 2025
/
Published: 11 August 2025
Simple Summary
Resistance to chemotherapy and targeted therapy remains one of the major obstacles in effective cancer treatment, often leading to poor therapeutic outcomes. This review explores how nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems can address this challenge by improving drug accumulation in tumours, enhancing targeting specificity and enabling controlled or stimulus-responsive drug release. In addition to conventional approaches, recent strategies involve co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with genome-editing tools to re-sensitise resistant cancer cells. By integrating emerging advances across multiple nanoparticle platforms, this review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of their potential to overcome drug resistance. The findings discussed may inform future research and contribute to the development of more effective, personalised cancer therapies.
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) remains a formidable barrier to successful cancer treatment, driven by mechanisms such as efflux pump overexpression, enhanced DNA repair, evasion of apoptosis and the protective characteristics of the tumour microenvironment. Nanoparticle-based delivery systems have emerged as promising platforms capable of addressing these challenges by enhancing intracellular drug accumulation, enabling targeted delivery and facilitating stimuli-responsive and controlled release. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying MDR and critically examines recent advances in nanoparticle strategies developed to overcome it. Various nanoparticle designs are analysed in terms of their structural and functional features, including surface modifications, active targeting ligands and responsiveness to tumour-specific cues. Particular emphasis is placed on the co-delivery of chemotherapeutic agents with gene regulators, such as siRNA, and the use of nanoparticles to deliver CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing tools as a means of re-sensitising resistant cancer cells. While significant progress has been made in preclinical settings, challenges such as tumour heterogeneity, limited clinical translation and immune clearance remain. Future directions include the integration of precision nanomedicine, scalable manufacturing and non-viral genome editing platforms. Collectively, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems offer a multifaceted approach to combat MDR and hold great promise for improving therapeutic outcomes in resistant cancers.
Share and Cite
MDPI and ACS Style
Park, S.; Lu, G.-L.; Zheng, Y.-C.; Davison, E.K.; Li, Y.
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers 2025, 17, 2628.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162628
AMA Style
Park S, Lu G-L, Zheng Y-C, Davison EK, Li Y.
Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers. 2025; 17(16):2628.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162628
Chicago/Turabian Style
Park, Seohyun, Guo-Liang Lu, Yi-Chao Zheng, Emma K. Davison, and Yan Li.
2025. "Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics" Cancers 17, no. 16: 2628.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162628
APA Style
Park, S., Lu, G.-L., Zheng, Y.-C., Davison, E. K., & Li, Y.
(2025). Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Strategies for Combating Drug Resistance in Cancer Therapeutics. Cancers, 17(16), 2628.
https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17162628
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