CT and MRI Key Features of Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Tongue: A Pictorial Review
Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Benign vs. Malignant Tongue Lesions: Diagnostic Imaging Features
3. Schwannoma
4. Lipoma and Angiomyolipoma
5. Vascular Malformations and Tumors
5.1. Venous Malformations
5.2. Lymphatic Malformations
5.3. Arteriovenous Malformations
6. Dermoid Cysts
7. Thyroglossal Duct Remnants
7.1. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst
7.2. Ectopic Thyroid Tissue
8. Lingual Abscess
9. Lingual Tonsillitis as Manifestation of Infectious Mononucleosis
10. Fatty Atrophy of the Tongue (Chronic Hemilingual Denervation)
11. CT X-Ray and MRI Scans Impact on Human Head/Thorax Portion
12. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Histologic Type | Tumor/Tumor-like Lesion | Relative Frequency | Typical Tongue Location |
---|---|---|---|
Epithelial tumors | Papilloma | Common | Tongue base surface; mucosal |
Soft tissue and neural tumors/lesions | Hemangioma Schwannoma Neurofibroma Rhabdomyoma | Common Uncommon Rare Rare | Dorsal surface; submucosal Tongue base; submucosal Unknown/none; submucosal Tongue base; submucosal |
Salivary gland tumors | Pleomorphic adenoma | Rare | Unknown/none |
“Dermoid” cysts | Epidermoid cyst Dermoid cyst Teratoma | Rare Rare Rare | Tongue base, submucosal Tongue base, submucosal Tongue base, submucosal |
Thyroglossal duct remnants | Thyroglossal duct cyst Ectopic thyroid tissue | Common Rare | Tongue base, midline Tongue base, midline |
Others (a) | Lipoma Angiomyolipoma Vascular malformation Abscess Mononucleosis | Rare Rare Uncommon Very rare Very rare | Lateral tongue edge, submucosal Lateral tongue edge, submucosal Ventral tongue; submucosal Mobile tongue; submucosal Lingual tonsils |
Benign Tumor/Tumor-like Lesion | Radiological Features | Differential Diagnosis |
---|---|---|
Schwannoma [6,7] | CT: hypodense MRI: high T2 SI, split fat, target and fascicular signs | Venous malformation, dermoid cysts, lipoma |
Lipoma [8] Angiomyolipoma | CT: −83 to −134 HU (like subcutaneous fat tissue) MRI: high T1 and T2 SI, fat saturation signal | Chronic hemilingual denervation |
Venous malformation [1,9] | CT: phleboliths MRI: high T2 SI, +CE | Other vascular malformations, schwannoma, dermoid cysts |
Lymphatic malformation [10,11] | Unilocular or multilocular, microcystic (<1 cm) or macrocystic (>1 cm) CT, MRI: no solid nodule with +CE MRI: high T2 SI, fluid-fluid levels | Other vascular malformations, dermoid cysts |
Arteriovenous malformation [6,12] | MRA: arterial feeding vessel, nidus, and venous drainage vessels MRI: flow voids | Other vascular malformations |
Dermoid cyst [1,13,14] | CT: free fat and calcified corpuscles (“sack of marbles” sign) | Vascular malformation, epidermoid cysts, lipoma |
Epidermoid cyst [14] | MRI: high SI on DWI, and restricted diffusion with low values on ADC map | Vascular malformation, dermoid cysts |
Thyroglossal duct cyst [15] Ectopic thyroid tissue [16] | Cyst Same features as thyroid tissue | Lingual tonsil mucous retention cyst Squamous cell carcinoma and lymphoma of the tongue base |
Abscess [17] | CT, MRI: peripheral enhancement MRI: core of the lesion shows high SI on DWI, and restricted diffusion with low values on ADC map | Submucosal malignancy |
Lingual tonsillitis in infectious mononucleosis [18] | CT, MRI: symmetric tonsil enlargement, retention cysts, and “linear or columnar pattern” of enhancement (features of benign tonsillar hypertrophy) | Lingual tonsil lymphoma |
Chronic hemilingual denervation [19] | Fatty atrophy of the affected hemilingual muscles with volume loss and lingual deviation, without mass-like lesion CT: −83 to −134 HU (like subcutaneous fat tissue) MRI: high T1 and T2 SI, fat saturation signal | Lipoma, angiomyolipoma |
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Pietragalla, M.; Gattuso, E.; Nardi, C.; Lo Casto, A. CT and MRI Key Features of Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Tongue: A Pictorial Review. Cancers 2025, 17, 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101695
Pietragalla M, Gattuso E, Nardi C, Lo Casto A. CT and MRI Key Features of Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Tongue: A Pictorial Review. Cancers. 2025; 17(10):1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101695
Chicago/Turabian StylePietragalla, Michele, Emanuele Gattuso, Cosimo Nardi, and Antonio Lo Casto. 2025. "CT and MRI Key Features of Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Tongue: A Pictorial Review" Cancers 17, no. 10: 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101695
APA StylePietragalla, M., Gattuso, E., Nardi, C., & Lo Casto, A. (2025). CT and MRI Key Features of Benign Tumors and Tumor-like Lesions of the Tongue: A Pictorial Review. Cancers, 17(10), 1695. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers17101695