Trajectory of Depression among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Conduct
2.2. Study Participants
2.2.1. Study Sites
2.2.2. Study Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Recruitment and Randomization
2.4. The PreProCare Intervention
2.5. Assessments
2.6. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Low Risk (n = 254) | Intermediate Risk (n = 247) | High Risk (n = 225) | p-Value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean age, years (SD) | 63.9 (8.4) | 63.6 (7.4) | 63.6 (7.4) | 0.8193 | |
Mean Number of people in the household (SD) | 2.3 (0.98) | 2.2 (0.96) | 2.5 (1.12) | 0.0698 | |
Race/Ethnicity | White | 198 (79.8) | 194 (80.8) | 188 (87.0) | 0.3005 |
African American | 40 (16.1) | 36 (15.0) | 23 (10.7) | ||
Other | 10 (4.0) | 10 (4.2) | 5 (2.3) | ||
Insurance | Medicare/Medicaid | 106 (42.9) | 83 (33.5) | 84 (38.8) | 0.1326 |
Managed care | 109 (44.1) | 138 (56.3) | 109 (50.5) | ||
Private | 32 (12.9) | 24 (9.8) | 23 (10.5) | ||
Smoking status | No | 147 (58.1) | 145 (58.7) | 129 (58.4) | 0.4850 |
Yes | 18 (7.1) | 13 (5.3) | 21 (9.5) | ||
Prior history | 88 (34.8) | 89 (36.0) | 71 (32.1) | ||
Marital status | Married | 203 (82.2) | 186 (77.2) | 186 (84.9) | 0.0942 |
Other | 44 (17.8) | 55 (22.8) | 33 (15.1) | ||
Income | ≤USD 40,000 | 41 (19.8) | 30 (14.7) | 28 (14.4) | 0.4627 |
USD 40,000–75,000 | 46 (22.2) | 41 (20.1) | 41 (21.0) | ||
>USD 75,000 | 120 (57.9) | 133 (65.2) | 126 (64.6) | ||
Education | Some college | 84 (39.3) | 81 (38.6) | 80 (39.4) | 0.9828 |
College and other | 130 (60.8) | 129 (61.4) | 123 (60.6) | ||
Employment | Full/part time | 113 (52.8) | 126 (60.3) | 123 (60.3) | 0.1981 |
Other | 101 (47.2) | 83 (39.7) | 81 (39.7) | ||
Treatment Type | Active surveillance | 137 (53.9) | 45 (18.2) | 26 (11.6) | <0.0001 |
Surgery | 74 (29.1) | 143 (57.9) | 157 (69.8) | ||
Radiation | 19 (7.5) | 41 (16.6) | 32 (14.2) | ||
Site | UPenn | 174 (68.5) | 195 (78.9) | 173 (77.6) | <0.0001 |
VA | 18 (7.1) | 1 (0.4) | 3 (1.3) | ||
FCCC | 62 (24.4) | 51 (20.6) | 49 (21.1) |
Baseline | 3 m | 6 m | 12 m | 24 m | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALL | |||||
Mean | 9.04 | 9.52 | 11.69 | 15.40 | 16.02 |
SD | 8.12 | 8.21 | 7.99 | 5.55 | 4.91 |
Median | 7.00 | 7.00 | 12.00 | 14.00 | 15.00 |
Wilcoxon signed rank test of medians—compared to baseline median value | p-value 0.4219 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | |
Low Risk | |||||
Mean | 8.12 | 9.20 | 11.42 | 15.15 | 16.02 |
SD | 7.73 | 8.67 | 7.57 | 4.82 | 4.79 |
Median | 6.00 | 6.00 | 12.00 | 14.00 | 14.00 |
Wilcoxon signed rank test of medians—compared to baseline median value | p-value 0.0811 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | |
Intermediate Risk | |||||
Mean | 9.60 | 10.37 | 11.93 | 15.87 | 16.06 |
SD | 8.48 | 8.69 | 8.55 | 5.66 | 5.09 |
Median | 7.00 | 9.00 | 13.00 | 14.00 | 15.00 |
Wilcoxon signed rank test of medians—compared to baseline median value | p-value 0.8132 | p-value 0.0049 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | |
High Risk | |||||
Mean | 9.30 | 9.09 | 11.59 | 15.15 | 15.96 |
SD | 7.94 | 7.27 | 7.94 | 6.14 | 4.87 |
Median | 7.00 | 7.00 | 12.00 | 15.00 | 15.00 |
Wilcoxon signed rank test of medians—compared to baseline median value | p-value 0.8691 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 | p-value < 0.0001 |
Dependent Variable: High Depression at 24 Months | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low Risk | Intermediate Risk | High Risk | |||||||
OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | OR | 95% CI | p-Value | |
Regret score | 1.06 | 1.01, 1.11 | 0.0111 | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.08 | 0.0188 | 1.04 | 1.01, 1.07 | 0.0209 |
Age | 0.98 | 0.89, 1.06 | 0.5402 | 1.03 | 0.96, 1.10 | 0.4154 | 0.96 | 0.89, 1.04 | 0.3199 |
Number of people in household | 1.44 | 0.86, 2.42 | 0.1647 | 1.02 | 0.64, 1.65 | 0.9116 | 1.17 | 0.75, 1.83 | 0.4780 |
Smoking | |||||||||
Never | 0.22 | 0.10, 0.59 | 0.0031 | 0.51 | 0.22, 1.17 | 0.1136 | 1.06 | 0.48, 2.23 | 0.8900 |
Current/ever (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Insurance | |||||||||
Medicare/Medicaid | 0.37 | 0.12, 1.17 | 0.0903 | 0.93 | 0.36, 2.37 | 0.8723 | 1.74 | 0.69, 4.39 | 0.2385 |
Other (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Treatment | |||||||||
Surgery | 0.71 | 0.25, 2.05 | 0.5303 | 0.67 | 0.24, 1.87 | 0.4492 | 1.03 | 0.30, 3.61 | 0.9613 |
Radiation | 0.39 | 0.07, 2.26 | 0.2956 | 0.44 | 0.12, 1.55 | 0.1998 | 2.47 | 0.53, 11.58 | 0.2497 |
Active surveillance (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Race | |||||||||
White | 1.82 | 0.10, 35.70 | 0.6922 | 1.61 | 0.21, 12.24 | 0.6480 | 1.52 | 0.07, 32.60 | 0.7882 |
African American | 2.37 | 0.07, 78.90 | 0.6304 | 3.34 | 0.29, 38.30 | 0.3322 | 3.26 | 0.12, 91.60 | 0.4875 |
Other (reference) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Education | |||||||||
College and more | 0.88 | 0.29, 2.59 | 0.8105 | 1.74 | 0.69, 4.36 | 0.2408 | 1.83 | 0.72, 4.65 | 0.2023 |
Some college (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Marital status | |||||||||
Married | 0.45 | 0.09, 2.23 | 0.3305 | 0.67 | 0.21, 2.11 | 0.4957 | 0.97 | 0.24, 3.94 | 0.9678 |
Other (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Employment status | |||||||||
Employed | 1.67 | 0.49, 5.69 | 0.4154 | 0.75 | 0.31, 1.85 | 0.5363 | 1.19 | 0.49, 2.92 | 0.6943 |
Other (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Income | |||||||||
≤USD 40,000 | 1.97 | 0.37, 10.55 | 0.4287 | 3.80 | 0.85, 17.72 | 0.4249 | 0.86 | 0.19, 3.76 | 0.8419 |
USD 40–75,000 | 4.39 | 1.29, 14.98 | 0.0179 | 0.65 | 0.22, 1.88 | 0.0803 | 2.74 | 0.96, 7.75 | 0.0579 |
>USD 75,000 (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Study Site | |||||||||
UPenn | 1.78 | 0.59, 5.34 | 0.2975 | 0.55 | 0.22, 1.36 | 0.1930 | 1.06 | 0.48, 2.34 | 0.5935 |
FCCC/VA (ref) | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - |
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Share and Cite
Chhatre, S.; Gallo, J.J.; Guzzo, T.; Morales, K.H.; Newman, D.K.; Vapiwala, N.; Van Arsdalen, K.; Wein, A.J.; Malkowicz, S.B.; Jayadevappa, R. Trajectory of Depression among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers 2023, 15, 2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072124
Chhatre S, Gallo JJ, Guzzo T, Morales KH, Newman DK, Vapiwala N, Van Arsdalen K, Wein AJ, Malkowicz SB, Jayadevappa R. Trajectory of Depression among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Cancers. 2023; 15(7):2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072124
Chicago/Turabian StyleChhatre, Sumedha, Joseph J. Gallo, Thomas Guzzo, Knashawn H. Morales, Diane K. Newman, Neha Vapiwala, Keith Van Arsdalen, Alan J. Wein, Stanley Bruce Malkowicz, and Ravishankar Jayadevappa. 2023. "Trajectory of Depression among Prostate Cancer Patients: A Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial" Cancers 15, no. 7: 2124. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15072124