Chondrosarcoma Resistance to Radiation Therapy: Origins and Potential Therapeutic Solutions
by
, , and
Antoine Gilbert
1, 
Mihaela Tudor
2,3,
Juliette Montanari
1,
Kevin Commenchail
1,
Diana Iulia Savu
2,
Paul Lesueur
4,5,6 and
François Chevalier
1,*
1
UMR6252 CIMAP, Team Applications in Radiobiology with Accelerated Ions, CEA—CNRS—ENSICAEN—Université de Caen Normandie, 14000 Caen, France
2
Department of Life and Environmental Physics, Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Magurele, Romania
3
Faculty of Biology, University of Bucharest, 050095 Bucharest, Romania
4
Radiation Oncology Department, Centre François Baclesse, 14000 Caen, France
5
Radiation Oncology Department, Centre Guillaume Le Conquérant, 76600 Le Havre, France
6
ISTCT UMR6030-CNRS, CEA, Université de Caen-Normandie, Equipe CERVOxy, 14000 Caen, France
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2023, 15(7), 1962; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15071962
Submission received: 10 February 2023
/
Revised: 20 March 2023
/
Accepted: 22 March 2023
/
Published: 24 March 2023
(This article belongs to the Special Issue How to Improve Chondrosarcoma Treatment? From Fundamental Research to Biomarker Discovery and Clinical Applications)
Simple Summary
This review article aims in describing the origins of chondrosarcoma radiation-resistance and proposes several potential solutions in order to improve the treatment, in regard with tumor grade and characteristics.
Abstract
Chondrosarcoma is a malignant cartilaginous tumor that is particularly chemoresistant and radioresistant to X-rays. The first line of treatment is surgery, though this is almost impossible in some specific locations. Such resistances can be explained by the particular composition of the tumor, which develops within a dense cartilaginous matrix, producing a resistant area where the oxygen tension is very low. This microenvironment forces the cells to adapt and dedifferentiate into cancer stem cells, which are described to be more resistant to conventional treatments. One of the main avenues considered to treat this type of tumor is hadrontherapy, in particular for its ballistic properties but also its greater biological effectiveness against tumor cells. In this review, we describe the different forms of chondrosarcoma resistance and how hadrontherapy, combined with other treatments involving targeted inhibitors, could help to better treat high-grade chondrosarcoma.
