Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Esophageal
2.1. Barrett’s Esophagus (BE) and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma
2.2. Early Squamous Neoplasms
3. Stomach
3.1. Precancerous Conditions
3.2. Early Gastric Carcinoma (EGC)
4. Advantages and Disadvantages
5. Perspectives
6. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author and Year of Publication | Classification | Number | Sens (%) | Spec (%) | Positive Likelihood Ratios | Negative Likelihood Ratios |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Gupta A (2014) [29] | Per-patient | 4 | 86 | 83 | 5.61 | 0.21 |
Per-lesion | 7 | 68 | 88 | 6.56 | 0.24 | |
Wu J (2014) [27] | Per-patient | 4 | 89 | 75 | 3.54 | 0.16 |
Per-lesion | 7 | 70 | 91 | 9.16 | 0.27 | |
Xiong YQ (2016) [28] | Per-patient | 7 | 89 | 83 | 6.54 | 0.17 |
Per-lesion | 10 | 77 | 89 | 8.62 | 0.23 | |
Xiong YQ (2018) [26] | Per-patient | / | / | / | / | / |
Per-lesion | 4 | 72.3 | 83.8 | 4.70 | 0.30 | |
Thosani N (2016) [25] | pCLE | 3 | 90.3 | 77.3 | / | / |
eCLE | 2 | 90.4 | 92.7 | / | / |
First Author/Year | Study Design | No. of Patients (Lesions) | Intervention Method | Diagnostic Criteria of CLE | Pathological Classification | Per-Patients | Per-Biopsy/Per-Lesion | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sens (%) | Spec (%) | Sens (%) | Spec (%) | |||||||
Canto/2014 [16] | P | 192 (1371) | HDWLE + eCLE | Mainz classification | BE-related neoplasia | 95 | 92 | 86 | 93 | |
Bertani/2013 [19] | P | 100 (/) | HDWLE + pCLE | Miami classification | BE-related dysplasia | 100 | 83 | / | / | |
Shah/2018 [20] | P | 66 (/) | Real-time pCLE | Miami classification | HGD/cancer | 67 | 98 | / | / | |
LGD | 60 | 87 | / | / | ||||||
Sharma/2011 [18] | P | 101 (874) | HDWLE or pCLE | / | HGD/EAC | 93.5 | 67.1 | 68.3 | 87.8 | |
Pietro/2015 [31] | P | 55 (194) | AFI + pCLE | New BE criteria | HGD/IMC | 100 | 53.6 | 100 | 67.1 | |
LGD + HGD/IMC | 96.4 | 74.1 | 83.3 | 72.5 | ||||||
Richardson/2019 [21] | P | 172 (/) | pCLE | Miami classification | IM | / | / | / | / | |
Krajciova/2020 [22] | P | 56 (/) | pCLE | Miami classification | IM after endoscopic treatment | 100 | 100 | / | / | |
Ghatwary/2019 [23] | P | 96 (/) | pCLE | Automatic stage classification | IM | 97 | 96 | / | / | |
neoplasia mucosa | 94 | 97 | / | / | ||||||
Pietro/2019 [24] | P | 57 (/) | pCLE | New criteria in phase I | LGD | / | / | 81.9 | 74.6 | |
Huang/2015 [37] | P | 52 (56) | chromoendoscopy-guided CLE | / | ESCN | / | / | 95.7 | 90.0 | |
Piyapan/2018 [39] | P | 24 (34) | LCE + pCLE | Cellular and vascular criteria | ESCN | / | / | 80 | 67 | |
Prueksapanich/2015 [38] | P | 44 (21) | LCE + pCLE | Cellular and vascular criteria | ESCN | / | / | 83 | 92 | |
Li/2015 [40] | P | 64 (64) | pCLE | SMS criteria | Esophageal squamous cell intraepithelial neoplasia | / | / | 81 | 90.7 | |
Guo/2015 [41] | P | 356 (117) | I-Scan + pCLE | SMS criteria | ESCN | / | / | 74.5 | 92.9 |
First Author/Year | Study Design | No. of Patients (Lesions) | Intervention Method | Diagnostic Criteria of CLE | Pathological Classification | Real-Time | Offline | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sens (%) | Spec (%) | Sens (%) | Spec (%) | ||||||
Zhang/2008 [44] | P | 132 | eCLE | Gastric pit patterns by Zhang et al. | AG | 83.6 | 99.6 | ||
Li/2016 [45] | P | 244 | pCLE | New pCLE classification by Li et al. | AG | 88.51 | 99.19 | 89.86 | 99.25 |
IM | 92.34 | 99.34 | 93.69 | 99.40 | |||||
LGIN | 84.0 | 99.78 | |||||||
HGIN | 88.89 | 99.89 | |||||||
Liu/2015 [46] | P | 87 (253) | CLE | Gastric pit patterns by Zhang et al. | AG | 92.31 | 86.18 | / | / |
Metaplastic atrophic gastritis | 91.94 | 96.86 | |||||||
Yu/2019 [48] | P | 431 (431) | pCLE | New diagnostic criteria in phase I | AG | 90.3 | 78.8 | ||
Lim/2013 [49] | P | 20 (125) | pCLE | GIM diagnostic criteria by Lim et al. | GIM | 90.9 | 84.7 | 95.5 | 94.9 |
Li/2014 [51] | P | 168 (131) | eCLE + targeted biopsies | GIM diagnostic criteria by Guo et al. | GIM and GIN | / | / | 91.67 | 96.77 |
Chen/2018 [52] | R | 322 | pCLE | 2011 Miami classification and Qilu classification for gastric superficial lesions | AG and/or IM | / | / | 86.8 | 81.8 |
Intraepithelial neoplasia | / | / | 96.3 | 87.1 | |||||
Ma/2019 [53] | R | 119 (154) | pCLE | AG diagnostic criteria by Liu | AG | / | / | 94.34 | 91.09 |
GIM diagnostic criteria by Guo et al. and Dixon et al. | GIM | / | / | 84.47 | 92.16 | ||||
LGIN diagnostic criteria by Li et al. | LGIN | / | / | 85.29 | 87.50 | ||||
HGIN diagnostic criteria by Li et al. | HGIN | / | / | 95.83 | 97.17 | ||||
Chu/2021 [54] | R | 226 | pCLE | 2011 Miami classification | GIM | / | / | 85.55 | 80.28 |
GIN | / | / | 65.11 | 92.78 | |||||
EGC | / | / | 100 | 94.55 | |||||
GIN + EGC | / | / | 86.05 | 92.77 | |||||
Sun/2020 [55] | P | 47 | pCLE | Cresyl violet staining characteristics | GIM | 91.95 | 93.51 | / | / |
Pittayanon/2013 [56] | P | 45 (59) | FICE + pCLE | GIM diagnostic criteria by Guo et al. | GIM | / | / | 96.5 | 90.5 |
Zuo/2017 [57] | P | 238 (212) | FICE + pCLE | New classification of gastric pit patterns | GIM | 95.0 | 94.6 | / | / |
LGIN | 87.5 | 98.0 | |||||||
Bok/2013 [62] | P | 46 (54) | pCLE | Miami classification | Gastric adenocarcinoma | 90.6 | 90.9 | 87.5 | 95.5 |
Li/2011 [63] | P | 1572 (/) | eCLE | Two-tiered CLE classification | Gastric superficial cancer/HGIN | 88.9 | 99.3 | / | / |
Gong/2015 [64] | P | 82 (86) | ME-NBI + CLE | Gastric pit patterns classification and 2-tiered classification | Gastric neoplastic lesions | 94.44 | 90.91 | / | / |
Horiguchi/2018 [65] | P | 30 (36) | pCLE | Miami classification | EGC after Hp eradication | / | / | / | / |
Park/2017 [66] | P | 101 (104) | pCLE | / | EGC | / | / | / | / |
Zhang/2018 [69] | R | 33 | nCLE | nCLE criteria | GIST | / | / | 78.6 | 94.7 |
Gastric carcinoma | / | / | 100 | 96.4 | |||||
Zhang/2019 [70] | P | 60 | nCLE | nCLE criteria | GIST | 73.7 | 95.1 | 84.2 | 95.1 |
Gastric carcinoma | 83.3 | 95.8 | 100 | 97.9 |
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Han, W.; Kong, R.; Wang, N.; Bao, W.; Mao, X.; Lu, J. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030776
Han W, Kong R, Wang N, Bao W, Mao X, Lu J. Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer. Cancers. 2023; 15(3):776. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030776
Chicago/Turabian StyleHan, Wei, Rui Kong, Nan Wang, Wen Bao, Xinli Mao, and Jie Lu. 2023. "Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy for Detection of Early Upper Gastrointestinal Cancer" Cancers 15, no. 3: 776. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15030776