Plasma Clot Properties in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design and Study Population
2.2. Blood Sampling
2.3. Routine Laboratory Parameters
2.4. Plasma Clot Formation Assay
2.5. Statistics
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics and Routine Laboratory Parameters
3.2. Plasma Clot Formation
3.3. Modified Plasma Clot Formation Assay (Clotting Induced by CaCl2 and Phospholipids) in the Absence and Presence of a Tissue Factor Blocking Antibody
3.4. Modified Plasma Clot Formation Assay According to Tumor Stage and Grade
3.5. Standard Clot Formation Assay (Clotting Induced by CaCl2, Phospholipids, and Lipidated Tissue Factor)
3.6. Correlations between Plasma Clot Properties and Routine Laboratory Parameters
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Pancreatic Cancer | Healthy | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Basic Clinical Characteristics | |||
Number, n | 40 | 40 | n.s. |
Sex, female, n (%) | 23 (58%) | 23 (58%) | n.s. |
Age, years | 66 (56–72) | 55 (44–62) | <0.001 |
Tumor stage, n (%) | Localized: 21 (53%) Metastatic: 19 (47%) | - | - |
Tumor differentiation, n (%) | High (G1): 0 Moderate (G2): 26 (65%) Poor (G3): 14 (35%) | - | - |
Comorbidities, n (%) | Hypertension: 22 (55%) Diabetes: 11 (27.5%) Coronary heart disease: 4 (10%) COPD: 2 (5%) | - | - |
Anticoagulation with low molecular weight heparin, n (%) | Prophylactic: 6 (15%) Therapeutic: 0 | ||
Routine laboratory parameters (median, 25th–75th percentile) | |||
Prothrombin time, % | 86 (76–112) | 92 (83–104) | n.s. |
aPTT, s | 33.9 (31.8–38.9) | 34.5 (32.8–36.3) | n.s. |
Fibrinogen, µg/mL | 418 (366–491) | 306 (264–352) | <0.001 |
D-dimer, µg/ml | 1.38 (0.75–2.90) | 0.26 (0.26–0.41) | <0.001 |
Platelet count, 109/L | 269 (212–348) | 274 (219–297) | n.s. |
Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 6.32 (5.02–8.50) | 6.26(5.43–6.94) | n.s. |
CRP (mg/dL) | 1.57 (0.34–2.96) | 0.10 (0.06–0.23) | <0.001 |
Ca 19-9 (U/mL) | 235.5 (30.6–1102) | - | - |
Pancreatic Cancer | Healthy | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|
Plasma clot formation parameters (median, 25th–75th percentile) | |||
- Modified plasma clot formation assay (addition of CaCl2 + phospholipids) | |||
Lag phase (s) | 688 (606–925) | 736 (629–895) | n.s. |
Vmax (U/min) | 0.235 (0.170–0.346) | 0.136 (0.116–0.185) | <0.001 |
ΔAbs (ΔOD) | 0.789 (0.609–0.968) | 0.563 (0.450–0.652) | <0.001 |
TTP (s) | 818 (726–1065) | 912 (741–1148) | n.s. |
- Modified plasma clot formation assay + anti tissue factor antibody | |||
Lag phase (s) | 799 (660–987) | 683 (550–853) | n.s. |
Vmax (U/min) | 0.170 (0.132–0.259) | 0.139 (0.109–0.201) | 0.006 |
ΔAbs (ΔOD) | 0.654 (0.541–0.840) | 0.528 (0.443–0.616) | 0.001 |
TTP (s) | 933 (852–1088) | 867 (711–1107) | n.s. |
- Standard plasma clot formation assay (addition of CaCl2 + phospholipids + lipidated tissue factor) | |||
Lag phase (s) | 267 (235–319) | 182 (162–206) | <0.001 |
Vmax (U/min) | 0.209 (0.151–0.273) | 0.216 (0.163–0.237) | 0.86 |
ΔAbs (ΔOD) | 0.801 (0.685–0.103) | 0.730 (0.589–0.794) | 0.03 |
TTP (s) | 390 (340–482) | 294 (260–314) | <0.001 |
(A) Modified Plasma Clot Formation Assay | (B) Modified Plasma Clot Formation Assay + Tissue Factor Blocking Antibody | (C) Standard Plasma Clot Formation Assay | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Vmax | ΔAbs | Lag Phase | Time to Peak | Vmax | ΔAbs | Lag Phase | Time to Peak | Vmax | ΔAbs | Lag Phase | Time to Peak | |
Prothrombin time, % | 0.359 * | 0.362 * | −0.041 | 0.071 | 0.434 * | 0.261 | −0.101 | −0.018 | 0.322 | 0.285 | −0.211 | −0.78 |
aPTT, s | 0.108 | −0.114 | 0.019 | 0.002 | −0.123 | −0.145 | −0.097 | −0.090 | −0.0105 | −0.150 | −0.064 | 0.152 |
Fibrinogen, mg/dL | 0.126 | 0.541 ** | 0.307 | 0.255 | 0.326 | 0.605 ** | 0.128 | 0.112 | 0.597 *** | 0.768 *** | 0.170 | 0.144 |
D-dimer, μg/mL | 0.395 * | 0.164 | −0.262 | −0.226 | 0.318 * | 0.145 | −0.192 | −0.334 * | 0.042 | −0.045 | 0.274 | 0.206 |
Platelet count, G/L | 0.049 | 0.119 | 0.081 | 0.020 | −0.134 | 0.104 | 0.035 | −0.013 | 0.131 | 0.190 | 0.052 | 0.124 |
Leukocyte count (×109/L) | 0.276 | 0.037 | −0.130 | −0.280 | 0.086 | −0.091 | −0.071 | −0.197 | −0.006 | 0.321 | 0.207 | 0.239 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.350 | 0.217 | −0.121 | −0.103 | 0.313 | 0.217 | −0.071 | −0.344 | 0.411 * | 0.223 | 0.143 | 0.092 |
Ca 19-9 | 0.097 | 0.102 | 0.071 | 0.033 | −0.065 | 0.095 | −0.059 | 0.056 | 0.325 * | 0.093 | 0.089 | −0.082 |
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Thaler, J.; Prager, G.; Pabinger, I.; Ay, C. Plasma Clot Properties in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164030
Thaler J, Prager G, Pabinger I, Ay C. Plasma Clot Properties in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers. 2023; 15(16):4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164030
Chicago/Turabian StyleThaler, Johannes, Gerald Prager, Ingrid Pabinger, and Cihan Ay. 2023. "Plasma Clot Properties in Patients with Pancreatic Cancer" Cancers 15, no. 16: 4030. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15164030