GALNT1 Expression Is Associated with Angiogenesis and Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA)
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Data Acquisition of Breast Cancer
2.2. Biological Function Analysis
2.3. Other Scores
2.4. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. GALNT1 Expression Levels Were Not Associated with Clinicopathological Aggressiveness, Patient Outcomes, or Biological Function in the Whole Breast Cancer Cohort
3.2. High Levels of GALNT1 Expression in Breast Cancer Was Significantly Associated with Decreased Survival in Adolescent and Young Adults (AYA), but Not in Older Patients
3.3. GALNT1 Expression Was an Independent Prognostic Biomarker among AYA Patients
3.4. High GALNT1 Breast Cancer Was Significantly Associated with Decreased CD8+ Cell Infiltration in AYA
3.5. Cancer Cell Proliferation Was Not Associated with High GALNT1 Expressed Breast Cancer in Either AYA or Older Breast Cancer Patients
3.6. High GALNT1 Breast Cancer Enriched Angiogenesis, Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT), and Protein Secretion in the AYA Patient Group, but Not in the Older Patient Group
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
AJCC | American Joint Committee on Cancer |
DFS | disease-free survival |
DSS | disease-specific survival |
ER | estrogen receptor |
FDR | false discovery rate |
GSEA | gene set enrichment analysis |
HER2 | human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 |
METABRIC | Molecular Taxonomy of Breast Cancer International Consortium |
NES | normalized enrichment score |
OS | overall survival |
TNBC | triple-negative breast cancer |
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METABRIC (OS) | Univariate | Multivariate | GSE96058 (OS) | Univariate | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI | p | HR | 95%CI | p | HR | 95%CI | p | |||||||
Subtype | TNBC vs. others | 1.11 | 0.65–1.89 | 0.708 | Subtype | TNBC vs. others | 1.35 | 0.15–12.1 | 0.790 | ||||||
Grade | G3 vs. G1/2 | 1.73 | 0.85–3.53 | 0.134 | Grade | G3 vs. G1/2 | 2.19 | 0.46–10.3 | 0.322 | ||||||
T | T3/4 vs. T1/2 | 0.52 | 0.29–0.92 | 0.026 | * | 0.69 | 0.37–1.27 | 0.23 | T | T3/4 vs. T1/2 | - | - | |||
N | N+ vs. N− | 2.63 | 1.39–4.99 | 0.003 | * | 2.05 | 1.03–4.09 | 0.041 | * | N | N+ vs. N− | 0.78 | 0.16–3.73 | 0.751 | |
GALNT1 | High vs. Low | 2.36 | 1.32–4.20 | 0.004 | * | 1.87 | 1.06–3.29 | 0.029 | * | GALNT1 | High vs. Low | 8.08 | 2.09–31.3 | 0.002 | * |
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Oshi, M.; Ziazadeh, D.; Wu, R.; Chida, K.; Yamada, A.; Yamamoto, S.; Narui, K.; Yan, L.; Ishikawa, T.; Endo, I.; et al. GALNT1 Expression Is Associated with Angiogenesis and Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA). Cancers 2023, 15, 3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133489
Oshi M, Ziazadeh D, Wu R, Chida K, Yamada A, Yamamoto S, Narui K, Yan L, Ishikawa T, Endo I, et al. GALNT1 Expression Is Associated with Angiogenesis and Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA). Cancers. 2023; 15(13):3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133489
Chicago/Turabian StyleOshi, Masanori, Danya Ziazadeh, Rongrong Wu, Kohei Chida, Akimitsu Yamada, Shinya Yamamoto, Kazutaka Narui, Li Yan, Takashi Ishikawa, Itaru Endo, and et al. 2023. "GALNT1 Expression Is Associated with Angiogenesis and Is a Prognostic Biomarker for Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults (AYA)" Cancers 15, no. 13: 3489. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133489