Treatment of Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bones: A Systematic Review
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Type
2.2. Data Sources and Searches
2.3. Eligibility Criteria and Study Selection
2.4. Data Extraction and Quality Assessment
2.5. Data Syntheses and Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Location—Recurrence
3.4. Outcomes (Table 3)
3.4.1. Characteristics of Recurrent GCTB
Author | Year | Recurrence | Second Recurrence | Third Recurrence | Fourth Recurrence | ||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NoP | Grade * (NoP) | Interval (Range) (Months) | 2nd Intervention | NoP | Grade * (NoP) | Interval (Range) (Months) | 3rd Intervention | NoP | Grade * (NoP) | Interval (Range) (Months) | 4th Intervention | NoP | Grade * (NoP) | Interval (Range) (Months) | 5th Intervention | ||
Von Steyern et al. [32] | 2006 | 19 | N/A | 17 (3–29) | IC + PMMAc (16) EBR (3) | 5 | N/A | N/A | IC + PMMAc (3) EBR + RP (1) Amputation (1) | 1 | N/A | N/A | IC + PMMAc (1) | 1 | N/A | N/A | EBR + RP (1) |
Li et al. [28] | 2008 | 9 | N/A | N/A | EBR + Segmental autograft (9) | 1 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 | |||||||
Balke et al. [25] | 2009 | 67 | 2 (9) 3 (33) N/A (25) | 22 (2–172) | IC + Burring + PMMAc (13) IC + PMMAc (11) EBR (11) IC + Burring + H2O2 + PMMAc (10) IC + BG (9) IC (8) IC + H2O2 + PMMAc (3) IC + Burring (1) N/A (1) | 20 | N/A | N/A | IC (8) EBR (5) IC + Burring + PMMAc (3) IC + PMMAc (3) N/A (1) | 6 | N/A | N/A | EBR (2) IC + Burring + PMMAc (2) N/A (2) | 2 | N/A | N/A | EBR (1) N/A (1) |
Klenke et al. [27] | 2011 | 46 | N/A | N/A | IC + PMMAc (14) IC + BG (14) EBR + RP (4) EBR + structural BG (4) EBR + osteoarticular allograft (3) EBR + allograft prosthesis (1) EBR (4) Amputation (2) | 6 | N/A | 24.7 (13–37) | IC (3) EBR (3) | 0 | |||||||
Niu et al. [29] | 2012 | 146 | 1 (1) 2 (28) 3 (4) N/A (111) | N/A | EBR + RP or segmental allograft (86) IC (60) | 12 | N/A | N/A | N/A | 0 | |||||||
Wan et al. [34] | 2012 | 27 | 2 (17) 3 (10) | 28.9 (7–97) | EBR + RP (10) IC + PMMAc (17) | 3 | 2 (1) 3(2) | 24.7 (12–41) | EBR + RP (2) IC + PMMAc (1) | 0 | |||||||
AlSulaimani et al. [24] | 2013 | 9 | 1 (1) 2 (3) 3 (4) N/A (1) | 32.8 (12–97) | IC + PMMAc (8) IC + Allograft (1) | 2 | N/A | 37 | IC + PMMAc (1) IC + PMMAc + radiotherapy (1) | 1 | N/A | 37 | IC + Allograft (1) | ||||
Waikakul et al. [33] | 2015 | 8 | 1 (4) 2 (1) 3 (2) N/A (1) | N/A | IC + Thermoablation ** + ABG (6) IC + Thermoablation ** + PMMAc (1) N/A (1) | 3 | 2 (1) N/A (2) | 48 | EBR (2) IC + Thermoablation (1) | 0 | |||||||
Takeuchi et al. [30] | 2016 | 103 | 1 (12) 2 (71) 3 (20) | N/A | IC (85) EBR (17) Amputation (1) | 32 | N/A | N/A | IC (27) EBR (5) | 11 | N/A | N/A | IC (9) EBR (1) Amputation (1) | 1 | N/A | N/A | IC (1) |
Deveci et al. [26] | 2017 | 8 | 1 (1) 2 (1) 3 (3) N/A (3) | N/A | IC + PMMAc (3) IC + PMMAc + Denosumab (1) STR + Denosumab (1) EBR + VFG + Denosumab (1) EBR + RP + Denosumab (1) Denosumab (1) | 3 | N/A | N/A | IC + PMMAc (3) | 3 | 2 (2) N/A (1) | N/A | Denosumab (2) IC + PMMAc (1) | 1 | 3 (1) | N/A | EBR + RP + Denosum (1) |
Zhang et al. [35] | 2019 | 5 | N/A | N/A | EBR + Denosumab (3) Denosumab (2) | 1 | N/A | 12 | EBR (1) | 0 | |||||||
Tsukamoto et al. [31] | 2022 | 11 | N/A | 20.6 (3–83) | EBR + RP (4) EBR + allograft (2) IC (3) EBR (1) Amputation (1) | 5 | N/A | 23.6 (3–40) | EBR (4) IC (1) | 0 |
3.4.2. Second Recurrence
3.4.3. Third Recurrence
3.4.4. Fourth Recurrence
3.5. Patient-Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs)
3.6. Complications
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Author | Year | NoP | Mean Age at Presentation (Range) (Years) | Gender (Male/Female) | Location (NoP) | Primary Surgery | Number of Recurrences (NoP) | Last Follow-Up (Range) (Months) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Von Steyern et al. [32] | 2006 | 19 | 30.8 (18–73) | 10/9 | Distal femur (6) Proximal tibia (5) Distal radius (3) Proximal femur (2) Proximal humerus (1) Proximal fibula (1) Distal tibia (1) | IC + PMMAc (19) | 1 (14) 2 (4) 4 (1) | 53 (3–128) |
Li et al. [28] | 2008 | 9 | 28.8 (21–48) | 5/4 | Proximal tibia (9) | IC + BG (7) IC + PMMAc (1) IC + Artificial bone (1) | 1 (8) 2 (1) | 118.7 (60–153) |
Balke et al. [25] | 2009 | 67 | 29.6 (16–63) | 32/35 | Distal femur (20) Proximal tibia (11) Distal radius (8) Proximal femur (5) Distal tibia (5) Ribs (3) Distal humerus (2) Sacrum (2) Proximal fibula (2) Foot (2) Scapula (1) Proximal humerus (1) Proximal ulna (1) Distal ulna (1) Hand-metacarpal (1) Patella (1) Distal fibula (1) | IC (32) IC + PMMAc (31) IR (3) N/A (1) | 1 (47) 2 (14) 3 (4) 4 (2) | 45.3 (1–209) |
Klenke et al. [27] | 2012 | 46 | 31.1 | 21/25 | Distal femur (11) Proximal tibia (9) Distal radius (7) Proximal humerus (5) Proximal femur (5) Distal tibia (5) Distal humerus (2) Proximal fibula (2) | N/A (46) | 1 (40) 2 (6) | 134 (37–337) |
Niu et al. [29] | 2012 | 146 | N/A | N/A | Distal femur (13) Proximal tibia (9) Proximal femur (8) Distal radius (2) Proximal humerus (1) Other (2) N/A (111) | IC (33) EBR (2) N/A (111) | 1 (134) 2 (12) | N/A |
Wan et al. [34] | 2012 | 27 | 38 (22–58) | 13/14 | Proximal tibia (12) Distal femur (7) Proximal femur (3) Proximal humerus (2) Distal radius (1) Distal metacarpal (1) Distal tibia (1) | IC + PMMAc (14) IC + Allograft (8) IC + ABG (5) | 1 (24) 2 (3) | 46.8 (24–78) |
AlSulaimani et al. [24] | 2013 | 9 | 37.8 (21–63) | 3/6 | Distal tibia (9) | IC + ABG (2) IC + Autograft + Allograft (2) IC + Allograft + PMMAc (1) IC + Allograft + PMMAc + Liquid nitrogen (1) IC+ Phenol + Allograft (1) IC + H2O2 + Allograft (1) IC + PMMAc (1) | 1 (7) 2 (1) 3 (1) | 83.3 (25–229) |
Waikakul et al. [33] | 2015 | 8 | 28 (12–50) | 4/4 | Radius (2) Sacrum (2) Clavicle (1) Hand (1) Distal femur (1) Distal tibia (1) | N/A | 1 (5) 2 (3) | 48 (48) |
Takeuchi et al. [30] | 2016 | 103 | 34 (12–82) | 53/50 | Proximal tibia (37) Distal femur (28) Distal radius (12) Proximal femur (9) Proximal humerus (6) Distal ulna (3) Distal tibia (3) Hand (2) Patella (1) Proximal fibula (1) Foot (1) | IC: 98 EBR: 5 | 1 (71) 2 (21) 3 (10) 4 (1) | 114 (11–408) |
Deveci et al. [26] | 2017 | 8 | 37.5 (26–50) | 4/4 | Distal femur (4) Distal radius (2) Proximal humerus (1) Proximal fibula (1) | IC + PMMAc (4) IC + BG (3) EBR (1) | 1 (5) 3 (2) 4 (1) | N/A |
Zhang et al. [35] | 2019 | 5 | 40.2 (19–67) | ¼ | Sacrum (2) Proximal humerus (1) Distal radius (1) Distal tibia (1) | IC + Denosumab (2) N/A (3) | 1 (4) 2 (1) | 30 (13–45) |
Tsukamoto et al. [31] | 2022 | 11 | 40.3 (22–71) | 5/6 | Distal radius (4) Proximal femur (2) Distal femur (2) Proximal humerus (1) Distal ulna (1) Hand (1) | EBR + Allograft (5) EBR + RP (4) EBR (1) EBR + FG (1) | 1 (6) 2 (5) | 70.1 (41–124) |
Site | Number of Patients | Rate (%) |
---|---|---|
Proximal tibia | 92 | 26.7 |
Distal femur | 92 | 26.7 |
Distal radius | 40 | 11.6 |
Proximal femur | 34 | 9.9 |
Distal tibia | 26 | 7.5 |
Proximal humerus | 19 | 5.5 |
Hand-metacarpal | 6 | 1.7 |
Sacrum | 6 | 1.7 |
Distal ulna | 5 | 1.5 |
Proximal fibula | 7 | 2 |
Ribs | 3 | 0.9 |
Foot | 3 | 0.9 |
Distal humerus | 4 | 1.2 |
Patella | 2 | 0.5 |
Radius (unspecified) | 2 | 0.5 |
Clavicle | 1 | 0.3 |
Scapula | 1 | 0.3 |
Proximal ulna | 1 | 0.3 |
Distal fibula | 1 | 0.3 |
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Pitsilos, C.; Givissis, P.; Papadopoulos, P.; Chalidis, B. Treatment of Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bones: A Systematic Review. Cancers 2023, 15, 3287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133287
Pitsilos C, Givissis P, Papadopoulos P, Chalidis B. Treatment of Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bones: A Systematic Review. Cancers. 2023; 15(13):3287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133287
Chicago/Turabian StylePitsilos, Charalampos, Panagiotis Givissis, Pericles Papadopoulos, and Byron Chalidis. 2023. "Treatment of Recurrent Giant Cell Tumor of Bones: A Systematic Review" Cancers 15, no. 13: 3287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15133287