Diagnostic Utility and Tendency of Bronchial and Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation EndProducts (sRAGE) in Lung Cancer
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Study Design
2.2. Bronchoscopy Procedures and Specimen Preparation
2.3. Blood Collection
2.4. Variables
2.5. Biochemical Assays
2.6. Ethical Statement
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Clinical Characteristics
3.2. sRAGE Levels in Serum and BWF
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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All Patients (n = 81) | Tuberculosis (n = 20) | Pneumonia (n = 30) | Lung Cancer (n = 31) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex, male | 49 (61%) | 15 (75%) | 16 (53%) | 18 (58%) | 0.289 |
Age, year | 66 (54–76) | 66 (49–74) | 61 (−53–70) | 73 (62–79) | 0.034 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 23.0 (19.8–25.8) | 22.7 (18.8–25.7) | 22.5(19.4–25.8) | 23.2 (20.6–25.8) | 0.382 |
Smoking | 32 (40%) | 7 (35%) | 13 (46%) | 12 (37%) | 0.599 |
Current smoker | 17 (21%) | 3 (15%) | 5 (17%) | 9 (29%) | 0.372 |
Ex-smoker | 15 (19%) | 4 (20%) | 8 (27%) | 3 (10%) | 0.228 |
Never-smoker | 49 (61%) | 13 (65%) | 17 (57%) | 19 (61%) | 0.834 |
Amount, PY | 35 (26–50) | 2 (0–30) | 0 (0–30) | 30 (0–50) | 0.202 |
Symptom | |||||
Fever | 10 (12%) | 5 (25%) | 5 (17%) | 0 | 0.020 |
Sputum | 13 (16%) | 3 (15%) | 10 (33%) | 0 | 0.002 |
Cough | 31 (39%) | 7 (35%) | 13 (43%) | 11 (26%) | 0.770 |
Hemoptysis | 10 (12%) | 2 (10%) | 7 (23%) | 1 (3%) | 0.054 |
Comorbidity | |||||
Hypertension | 34 (42%) | 7 (35%) | 12 (405) | 15 (48%) | 0.615 |
Diabetes | 17 (21%) | 4 (20%) | 4 (13%) | 9 (29%) | 0.320 |
COPD | 9 (11%) | 1 (5%) | 4 (13%) | 4 (13%) | 0.604 |
Asthma | 10 (12%) | 2 (10%) | 2 (7%) | 6 (19%) | 0.301 |
Cancer type | |||||
NSCLC | 28 (90%) | ||||
ADC | 14 (45%) | ||||
SqCC | 14 (45%) | ||||
SCLC | 2 (6.5%) | ||||
Other cancer | 1 (3.2%) | ||||
Stage | |||||
I | 7 (22.6%) | ||||
II | 2 (6.5%) | ||||
III | 6 (19.4%) | ||||
IV | 16 (51.6%) |
All Patients (n = 81) | Tuberculosis (n = 20) | Pneumonia (n = 30) | Lung Cancer (n = 31) | p-Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Serum sRAGE, pg/mL | 822 (678–1168) | 828 (679–1195) | 889 (680–1208) | 766 (587–1004) | 0.561 |
BWF sRAGE, pg/mL | 167 (83–529) | 231 (108–649) | 366 (106–706) | 103 (32–254) | 0.018 |
WBC, ×103/m3 | 7.47 (5.87–9.70) | 7.66 (5.87–9.76) | 7.16 (5.67–11.8) | 7.47 (5.90–9.23) | 0.675 |
Neutrophil, % | 68 (58–75) | 68 (58–75) | 68 (58–83) | 67 (58–73) | 0.320 |
Lymphocyte, % | 21 (14–29) | 21 (14–29) | 21 (6.6–29) | 2.2 (1.4–19) | 0.1329 |
ESR, mm/hr | 39 (14–65) | 46 (13–66) | 49 (21–76) | 58 (11–57) | 0.342 |
CRP, mg/dL | 12.5 (1.7–81.6) | 13.9 (1.9–95.4) | 32.5 (1.5–118.1) | 5.2 (1.6–31.6) | 0.303 |
Procalcitonin, ng/dL | 0.08 (0.03–0.21) | 0.09 (0.02–0.33) | 0.12 (0.035–0.39) | 0.03 (0.03–0.10) | 0.178 |
CEA, ng/mL | 1.9 (1.6–6.0) | 1.3 (0.9–1.8) | 3.8 (1.6–6.0) | 3.2 (1.7–10.0) | 0.038 |
HbA1c, % | 5.85 (5.40–6.33) | 5.8 (5.6–6.0) | 5.7 (5.4–6.4) | 5.9 (5.6–6.4) | 0.938 |
Tuberculosis cultured | 15 (19%) | 15 (75%) | 0 | 0 | <0.001 |
Glucose, mg/dL | 112 (99–146) | 113 (97–147) | 113 (92–146) | 112 (101–143) | 0.892 |
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Kim, T.; Kim, S.J.; Choi, H.; Shin, T.R.; Sim, Y.S. Diagnostic Utility and Tendency of Bronchial and Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation EndProducts (sRAGE) in Lung Cancer. Cancers 2023, 15, 2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102819
Kim T, Kim SJ, Choi H, Shin TR, Sim YS. Diagnostic Utility and Tendency of Bronchial and Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation EndProducts (sRAGE) in Lung Cancer. Cancers. 2023; 15(10):2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102819
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, Taehee, Soo Jung Kim, Hayoung Choi, Tae Rim Shin, and Yun Su Sim. 2023. "Diagnostic Utility and Tendency of Bronchial and Serum Soluble Receptor for Advanced Glycation EndProducts (sRAGE) in Lung Cancer" Cancers 15, no. 10: 2819. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15102819