Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Protocol and Registration
2.2. Eligibility Criteria
2.3. Information Sources
2.4. Study Selection
2.5. Risk of Bias Assessment
2.6. Data Extraction and Synthesis
2.7. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Study Selection
3.2. Study Characteristics
3.3. Risk of Bias
Author and Year of Publication | Study Design | Patients with Genotype + VIPN Data (n) | Patient Characteristics | Vincristine Dosage | VIPN | Global Rating Risk of Bias Assessment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Disease Studied | Age | Male (%) | Race (%) | Single Dosage, (per mg/m2 and max) | Cumulative Dosage (mg) | Method Used for VIPN Assessment | Prevalence VIPN | ||||
Abaji et al., 2018—QcALL cohort [52] | EWAS | 237 | ALL | 82.7% <10 y/o, 17.3% ≥10 y/o. | 54.9 | All white | 1.5, max. 2.0 | Not available | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy | 14.8% | Strong |
Abaji et al., 2018—AIEOP cohort [52] | EWAS | 405 | ALL | 83.2% <10 y/o, 16.8% ≥10 y/o. | 53.1 | All white | 1.5, max. 2.0 | Not available | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy | 3.2% | Strong |
Abo–Bakr et al., 2017 [47] | Candidate gene | 97 | ALL | 79.4% ≤10 y/o, 20.6% >10 y/o | 58.8 | All white | 1.5, max. 2.0 | Not available | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, prospective Foot drop, ileus, vocal cord paralysis, ptosis | Foot drop: 4.1% | Moderate |
Aplenc et al., 2003 [28] | Candidate gene, case–control | 533 | ALL | 70.0% ≤5 y/o, 30.0% >5 y/o | 32.5 | 5.8 black 94.2 other | 1.5, max. not available | 46.5–64.5 | CCG toxicity criteria, prospective Grade 3 or 4 peripheral neuropathy | 5.3% | Moderate |
Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | Candidate gene | 320 | ALL | 80.0% ≤10 y/o, 20.0% >10 y/o | 55.3 | All white | 1.5–2.0, max. 2.0 | 73.5–74.0 | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Peripheral neuropathy | Grade 1–2: 20.0% Grade 3–4: 10.6% | Strong |
Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | GWAS | St. Jude: 222. | ALL | 68.9% ≤10 y/o, 31.1% >10 y/o | 42.3 | 67.1 white, 19.8 black, 14.0 other | 1.5, max. 2.0 COG: 1.5– | 54.0 | NCI-CTCAE 1.0, prospective Grade 2–4 peripheral neuropathy | 28.8% | Moderate |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | GWAS | 99 | Relapsed ALL | 47.5% ≤10 y/o, 52.5% >10 y/o | 59.6 | 60.6 white, 1.0 black, 38.3 other | 1.5–2.0, max. 2.0–2.5 | 78.0–97.5 | Modified Balis scale, prospective Grade 2–4 peripheral neuropathy | 22.9% | Moderate |
Egbelakin et al., 2011 [29] | Candidate gene | 107 | ALL | Not available | Not available | 92.5 white 0.9 black 6.5 other | 1.5, max. 2.0 | Not available | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Peripheral and autonomic neuropathy | Grade 1–4: 98.1% Grade 3–4: 53.2% | Strong |
Guilhaumou et al., 2011 [20] | Candidate–gene | 24 | Solid tumors | 57.7% <10 y/o, 42.3% ≥10 y/o | 57.7 | All white | 1.5, max 2.0 | Mean (SD) at time of enrolment: 7.35 (5.30) | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, prospective Pain, peripheral neuropathy, gastro–intestinal toxicity | 33.3% | Moderate |
Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2016 [10] | Candidate gene | 142 | ALL | 88.7% ≤10 y/o, 11.3% >10 y/o | 57.0 | All white | 1.5, max 2.0 | 15.0–30.0 | NCI-CTCAE 1.0, retrospective Grade 2–4 peripheral neuropathy | 25.4% | Strong |
Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2017 [48] | Candidate gene (miRNA) | 155 | ALL | Mean (SD): 5.1 (3.2) y/o | 58.9 | Mainly white | 1.5, max 2.0 | 15.0–30.0 | WHO criteria, retrospective Peripheral neuropathy | Grade 1–2: 16.0% Grade 3–4: 10.1% | Strong |
Kayilioğlu et al., 2017 [30] | Candidate gene, case–control | Cases: 115 (VCR), controls: 50 (no VCR) | Cases: ALL and solid tumors. Controls: no neurological disorders or symptoms | Mean (SD): ALL 7.0 (4.6), solid tumors 7.5 (5.0), controls 10.2 (4.6) | ALL and solid tumors: 61.7 Controls: 62.0 | All white | 1.5, max 2.0 | Mean (SD) total: ALL 7.71 (0.89), solid tumors 6.5 (1.5) | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Grade 2–5 neurotoxicity | 20.8% | Strong |
Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | Candidate gene | 240 | ALL | 70.4% ≤10 y/o, 29.6% >10 y/o | 59.2 | 69.6 white 18.3 black 12.1 other | 1.5, max 2.0 | 54.0–97.5 | NCI-CTCAE 1.0, prospective/retrospective not available. Peripheral neuropathy and constipation | Grade 3: 12.1% Grade 4: 0.4% | Moderate |
Li et al., 2019—POG cohort [53] | GWAS | 1069. | ALL | Not available | 52.3 | All white | 1.5, max not available | 18–23 doses of 1.5 mg/m2 | NCI-CTCAE 2.0, prospective Grade 3–5 peripheral neuropathy. | 4.8% | Moderate |
Li et al., 2019—ADVANCE cohort [53] | GWAS | 63 | ALL | Mean (SD): 8.2 (4.7) y/o | 46.0 | All white | 1.5, max 2.0 | Not available | TNS–PV, prospective. Sensory symptoms, temperature and vibration sensibility, strength, tendon reflexes. | Mean + SD: 3.8 (2.6) | Moderate |
Lopez–Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | Candidate gene | 133 | ALL | Mean (SD): 5.5 (3.4) y/o | 56.6 | Mainly white | 1.5, max 2.0 | 15.0–30.0 | WHO criteria, retrospective Peripheral neuropathy | Grade 1–2: 18.4% Grade 3–4: 11.8% | Strong |
Martin–Guerrero et al., 2019 [49] | Candidate gene | 133 | ALL | Mean (SD): 5.5 (3.4) y/o | 56.6 | Mainly white | 1.5, max 2.0 | 15.0–30.0 | WHO criteria, retrospective Grade 2–4 peripheral neuropathy | 25.4% | Strong |
McClain et al., 2018 [31] | Candidate gene | 239 | ALL | Mean (SD): 5.8 (3.9) y/o | 53.1 | All white | Not available | Mean (SD), at time of event: extensive metabolizers: 10.0 (5.7), intermediate: 13.4 (13.6), poor: 10.4 (8.9) | Modified Balis scale, retrospective Grade 3–4 peripheral neuropathy | Grade 3–4: 18.4% | Strong |
Plasschaert et al., 2004 [22] | Candidate gene | 52 | ALL | 73.1% < 10 y/o, 26.9% ≥ 10 y/o | 61.5 | 98.1 white 1.9 other | Once 1.5, other doses 2.0, max. 2.5 | 13.5 mg/m2 | NCI common toxicity criteria Constipation | Grade 1–2: 55.8%, Grade 3–4 26.9% | Strong |
Renbarger et al., 2008 [14] | Race as surrogate for genotype, case–control | Cases: 21 black Controls: 92 white | ALL | Mean (SD): black: 8.2 (4.8) y/o, white: 5.0 (3.1) y/o | Cases + controls: 50.4 | 81.4 white 18.6 black | Not available | Mean (SD), Caucasians: 48.5 (14.3), AAs: 42.4 (11.6) | NCI-CTCAE 3.0, retrospective Neurotoxicity | Grade 1–4: 34.8% white, 4.8 black | Moderate |
Sims et al., 2016 [32] | Candidate gene | 52 | BALL | 77.4% < 10 y/o, 22.6% ≥ 10 y/o | 62.2 | 68.5 white 31.5 black | 1.5, max. 2.0 | Not available | Modified Balis scale, prospective Peripheral neuropathy, constipation if grade 3–4 | Grade 1–4: 80.6% white, 76.5% black | Moderate |
Skiles et al., 2018 [16] | Candidate gene | 72 | Leukemia, lymphoma, solid tumors | Mean (SD): low expressers: 6.1 (5.2), intermediate: 6.5 (4.0), high: 6.1 (4.6) | 53.8 | All black Kenyan | 2.0, max. 2.5 | 8.5 mg/m2 | NCI-CTCAE 4.0, modified Balis scale, Faces Pain Scale, Pediatric Neuropathic Pain Scale, ped–mTNS, all prospective. Peripheral neuropathy and neuropathic pain | NCI–CTCAE: grade 2–4: 2.8%. Ped–mTNS: 4.3% 5 or higher. | Moderate |
Wright et al., 2019 [51] | Candidate gene, case–control | Cases: 167 (VIPN), controls: 57 (no VIPN) | ALL | Median (IQR): cases 4.8 (3.3–9.0), controls: 5.4 (3.3–9.0) | Cases: 60.4, controls: 40.4 | Mainly white | Not available | Median + IQR: cases: 61.4 (48.0–72.0), controls: 66.0 (51.0–74.8) | NCI-CTCAE 4.0, retrospective Peripheral neuropathy | Grade 2–4: 167 cases | Strong |
Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] | Candidate gene | 133 | ALL | Mean (SD): 6.7 (5.0) | 57.1 | All white | Induction and re–induction: 1.5, max. 2.0. Continuation: 2.0, max. 2.0 | Mean (SD), patients without VIPN: 66.0 (6.1), with VIPN grade 2–4: 27.9 (12.1) | NCI-CTCAE 4.0, retrospective Peripheral neuropathy | Grade 2–4: 19.5% | Strong |
Gene | SNP | Allele, Major/Minor | Author and Year of Publication | MAF (%) | Number of Patients (n) | Method Effect Size | Effect Size with 95% CI (If Applicable) | Effect | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cases of VIPN * | Controls * | ||||||||
Transport | |||||||||
ABCB1 | rs4728709 | C/T | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | TT/TC: 17.1 CC: 82.9 | 63 (grade 1–2) | 214 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.3 (0.1–0.9) | Protective 1 |
rs10244266 | T/G | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 14.3 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.60 (1.16–5.83) | Risk 2 | |
rs10268314 | T/C | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 14.3 | 27 (WHO grade 1–2) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 3.19 (1.23–8.25) | Risk 2 | |
rs10274587 | G/A | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 14.6 | 27 (WHO grade 1–2) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 3.48 (1.36–8.86) | Risk 2 | |
ABCC1 | rs1967120 | T/C | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 27.3 | 18 (WHO grade 3–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.29 (0.09–0.99) | Protective 2 |
rs3743527 | C/T | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 19.7 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.32 (0.13–0.79) | Protective 2 | |
rs3784867 | C/T | Wright et al., 2019 [51] | 32.0 | 170 (grade 2–4) | 57 (grade 0) | Additive OR | 4.91 (1.99–12.10) | Risk 3 | |
rs11642957 | T/C | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 48.1 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.43 (0.19–0.98) | Protective 2 | |
rs11864374 | G/A | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 24.4 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.35 (0.15–0.79) | Protective 2 | |
rs12923345 | T/C | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 15.4 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.39 (1.08–5.25) | Risk 2 | |
rs17501331 | A/G | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 13.2 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.50 (1.10–5.68) | Risk 2 | |
ABCC2 | rs12826 | G/A | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 42.6 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.24 (0.10–0.54) | Protective |
rs3740066 | G/A | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 36.2 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.23 (0.10–0.53) | Protective | |
rs2073337 | A/G | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 45.8 | 18 (WHO grade 3–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.35 (0.10–1.24) | Protective | |
rs4148396 | C/T | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 42.1 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.36 (0.16–0.81) | Protective | |
rs11190298 | G/A | Lopez-Lopez et al., 2016 [11] | 45.0 | 46 (WHO grade 1–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Recessive OR | 2.44 (1.01–5.86) | Risk | |
ABCC1/RALPB1: miR–3117 | rs12402181 | G/A | Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2017 [48] | 14.8 | 19 (WHO grade 3–4) | 128 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.13 (0.02–0.99) | Protective 2 |
Vincristine metabolism | |||||||||
CYP3A4 | rs2740574 | A/G(*1B) | Aplenc et al., 2003 [28] | 8.6 | 28 (CCG grade 3–4) | 505 (CCG grade 0–2) | Allelic OR | 0 (0–0.75) | Protective 2 |
Guilhaumou et al., 2011 [20] | 6.3 | Nr of neurotoxicity events | Chi–square | p = 1.00 | Not significant | ||||
Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | AA: 79.6 AG + GG: 20.4 | 30 (grade 2–4) | 210 (grade 0–1) | Dominant OR | 1.37 (0.57–3.29) | Not significant | |||
GSTM1 | Deletion | Non–null/null | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | Non–null: 57.5 Null: 42.5 | 30 (grade 2–4) | 210 (grade 0–1) | OR | 0.46 (0.22–0.94) | Protective2 |
VDR | rs1544410 | G/A | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | GG: 45.8 AA and AG: 54.2 | 30 (grade 2–4) | 210 (grade 0–1) | Recessive OR | 2.22 (1.06–4.67) | Risk |
Cytoskeleton–associated | |||||||||
ACTG1 | rs1135989 | G/A | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | 36.5 | 38 (grade 3–4) | 214 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.8 (1.3–6.3) | Risk 1 |
CAPG | rs2229668 | G/A | Ceppi et la. 2014 [8] | 12.6 | 39 (grade 3–4) | 214 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.1 (1.1–3.7) | Risk 1 |
rs3770102 | C/A | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | 41.4 | 39 (grade 3–4) | 214 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.1 (0.01–0.8) | Protective 1 | |
CEP72 | rs924607 | C/T | Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | 36.7 | 64 (grade 2–4) | 158 (grade 0) | Recessive OR | 5.5 (2.5–12.2) | Risk |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | 36.4 | 22 (grade 2–4) | 74 (grade 0) | Recessive OR | 3.8 (1.3–11.4) | Risk | |||
Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2016 [10] | 39.4 | 36 (WHO grade 2–4) | 106 (WHO grade 0–1) | Recessive OR | 0.7 (0.2–2.4) | Not significant | |||
Wright et al., 2019 [51] | TT: 13.5 CT and CC: 86.5 | 156 (grade 2–4) | 56 (grade 0) | Recessive OR | 3.4 (0.9–12.6) | Not significant | |||
Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] | 36.9 | 23 (grade 2–4) | 107 (grade 0–1) | Recessive OR | 1.04 (0.32–3.43) | Not significant | |||
MAPT | rs11867549 | A/G | Martin–Guerrero et al., 2019 [49] | 22.5 | 18 (WHO grade 3–4) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.21 (0.04–0.96) | Protective 2 |
SYNE2 | rs2781377 | G/A | Abaji et al., 2018—QcALL cohort [52] | 7.8 | 35 (grade 3–4) | 201 (grade 0) | Additive OR | 2.5 (1.2–5.2) | Risk |
TUBB2B: miR–202 | rs12355840 | T/C | Martin–Guerrero et al., 2019 [49] | 23.4 | 27 (WHO grade 1–2) | 103 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 2.88 (1.07–7.72) | Risk |
Hereditary neuropathy | |||||||||
SLC5A7 | rs1013940 | T/C | Wright et al., 2019 [51] | 15.2 | 170 (grade 2–4) | 57 (grade 0) | Additive OR | 8.60 (1.68–44.15) | Risk 3 |
Other (GWAS/EWAS studies) | |||||||||
BAHD1 | rs3803357 | C/A | Abaji et al., 2018—QcALL cohort [52] | 41.7 | 35 (grade 3–4) | 201 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.35 (0.2–0.7) | Protective |
COCH | rs1045466 | T/G | Li et al., 2020—POG cohort [53] | 38 | Maximum neuropathy score | Dominant HR | 0.27 (0.16–0.50) | Protective | |
Li et al., 2020—ADVANCE cohort [53] | 33 | Linear regression | −3.56 (−5.45;−1.67) | Protective | |||||
Chromosome 12/ chemerin | rs7963521 | T/C | Li et al., 2020—POG cohort [53] | 41 | Maximum neuropathy score | Additive HR | 2.23 (1.49–3.35) | Risk | |
Li et al., 2020—ADVANCE cohort [53] | 43 | Additive HR | 2.16 (0.53–3.70) | Not significant | |||||
ETAA1 | rs17032980 | A/G | Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | 26.6 | 64 (grade 2–4) | 158 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 3.17 (1.95–5.17) | Risk |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | 19.2 | 22 (grade 2–4) | 74 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 10.4 (2.97–36.15) | Risk | |||
MRPL4 | rs10513762 | C/T | Abaji et al., 2018—QcALL cohort [52] | 7.0 | 35 (grade 3–4) | 202 (grade 0) | Dominant OR | 3.3 (1.4–7.7) | Risk |
MTNR1B | rs12786200 | C/T | Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | 22.7 | 64 (grade 2–4) | 158 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 0.23 (0.13–0.40) | Protective |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | 20.7 | 22 (grade 2–4) | 74 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 0.24 (0.08–0.76) | Protective | |||
Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] | 18.1 | 23 (grade 2–4) | 107 (grade 0–1) | Dominant OR | 0.59 (0.22–1.62) | Not significant | |||
NDUFAF6 | rs7818688 | C/A | Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | 12.6 | 64 (grade 2–4) | 158 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 4.26 (2.45–7.42) | Risk |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | 14.1 | 22 (grade 2–4) | 74 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 4.59 (1.35–15.59) | Risk | |||
TMEM215 | rs4463516 | C/G | Diouf et al., 2015—St. Jude cohort [9] | 33.6 | 64 (grade 2–4) | 158 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 3.17 (1.95–5.17) | Risk |
Diouf et al., 2015—COG cohort [9] | 24.2 | 22 (grade 2–4) | 74 (grade 0) | Allelic OR | 4.94 (1.65–14.79) | Risk | |||
miRNA | |||||||||
miR–4481 | rs7896283 | T/C | Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2017 [48] | 37.5 | 19 (WHO grade 3–4) | 128 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 4.69 (1.43–15.43) | Risk 2 |
miR–6076 | rs35650931 | G/C | Gutierrez–Camino et al., 2017 [48] | 8.7 | 47 (WHO grade 1–4) | 128 (WHO grade 0) | Dominant OR | 0.22 (0.05–0.97) | Protective 2 |
3.4. Association between Pharmacogenomic Parameters and VIPN
Gene | SNP | Author and Year of Publication |
---|---|---|
ABCB1 | rs1045642 | Plasschaert et al., 2004 [22], Ceppi et al., 2014 [8], Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] |
rs1128503 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8], Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] | |
rs2032582 | Plasschaert et al., 2004 [22], Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
ABCC2 | rs717620 | Zgheib et al., 2018 [50] |
ACTG1 | rs1139405 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] |
rs7406609 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
CAPG | rs6886 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] |
CYP1A1 | rs4646903 | Abo-Bakr et al., 2017 1 [47] |
GSTP1 | rs1695 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13], Abo-Bakr et al., 2017 1 [47] |
GSTT1 | Deletion | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
MAP4 | rs11268924 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] |
rs1137524 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
rs1875103 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
rs11711953 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
MDR1 | Exon 21, G > T/A | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
Exon 26, C/T | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | |
MTHFR | rs1801133 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
rs1801131 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] | |
SLC19A1 | rs1051266 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
TPMT | Combined genotypes: 238GG, 460GG, 719AA/others | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
TUBB | rs6070697 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] |
rs10485828 | Ceppi et al., 2014 [8] | |
TYMS | Enhancer repeat: others/3AND3 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
UGT1A1 | Enhancer repeat: others/7AND7 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
VDR | rs2228570 | Kishi et al., 2007 [13] |
XRCC1 | rs1799782 | Abo-Bakr et al., 2017 1 [47] |
3.5. CYP3A4 and CYP3A5
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Uittenboogaard, A.; Neutel, C.L.G.; Ket, J.C.F.; Njuguna, F.; Huitema, A.D.R.; Kaspers, G.J.L.; van de Velde, M.E. Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers 2022, 14, 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030612
Uittenboogaard A, Neutel CLG, Ket JCF, Njuguna F, Huitema ADR, Kaspers GJL, van de Velde ME. Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers. 2022; 14(3):612. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030612
Chicago/Turabian StyleUittenboogaard, Aniek, Céline L. G. Neutel, Johannes C. F. Ket, Festus Njuguna, Alwin D. R. Huitema, Gertjan J. L. Kaspers, and Mirjam E. van de Velde. 2022. "Pharmacogenomics of Vincristine-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy in Children with Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis" Cancers 14, no. 3: 612. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14030612