Low-Grade Ovarian Stromal Tumors with Genetic Alterations of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway That Is Crucial in Ovarian Follicle Development and Regulation
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Wnt Pathway in the Development and Regulation of Ovarian Follicle Cycle
1.1. Wnt Pathway during the Embryonic Development of the Ovary
1.2. Synchronized Effort between the Wnt Pathway and Hormones in the Adult Ovary
1.3. Role of β-Catenin in Steroid Production and Regulation
2. Ovarian Stroma and Stromal Cell Types
3. Activation of Wnt/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway in Gynecological Neoplasms
4. The Family of Low-Grade Ovarian Stromal Tumors with β-Catenin Alterations
4.1. Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm (SPPN)
4.2. Microcystic Stromal Tumor (MCST)
4.3. Signet Ring Stromal Cell Tumor (SRSCT)
4.4. Immunohistochemical Phenotype Shared in Ovarian Low-Grade Stromal Tumors
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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SPPN | MCST | SRSCT | |
---|---|---|---|
Clinicopathologic Features | Mean age 45 | Mean age 43 | Mean age 53 |
Unilateral, solid and cystic | Unilateral, solid and well demarcated | Unilateral, solid and well demarcated | |
Morphological features | |||
Growth patterns | Solid, pseudopapillary and microcystic growth patterns | Solid and microcystic growth patterns | Solid, nested and trabecular growth patterns |
Tumor cell Morphology | Uniform round nuclei, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with or without cytoplasmic vacuoles Lack of cytological atypia and mitosis | Uniform round nuclei, abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm with or without cytoplasmic vacuoles Lack of cytological atypia and mitosis | Signet ring-like cells with eccentric nuclei, and a single large cytoplasmic vacuole, admixed with spindle cells Lack of cytological atypia and mitosis |
Immunophenotype | |||
Diffuse positive | CD10, vimentin, CD56, Cyclin D1 | CD10, vimentin, CD56, Cyclin D1 | CD10, vimentin, CD56, Cyclin D1 |
Variable positive | WT1, CD99, PR, CD117 | WT1, CD99, SF1, FOXL2 | WT1, CD99, SF1, FOXL2 |
Totally negative | AE1/3, CAM5.2, EMA, inhibin, calretinin, SMA, synaptophysin, INSM1 | AE1/3, CAM5.2, EMA, inhibin, calretinin, SMA, synaptophysin, INSM1 | AE1/3, CAM5.2, EMA, inhibin, calretinin, SMA, synaptophysin, INSM1 |
Mutations of Wnt signaling genes | CTNNB1 exon 3 | CTNNB1 exon 3 or APC gene | CTNNB1 exon 3 or APC gene |
Immunohistochemical staining of β-catenin | Nuclear and cytoplasmic | Nuclear and cytoplasmic | Nuclear and cytoplasmic |
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Zhang, G.; Michener, C.M.; Yang, B. Low-Grade Ovarian Stromal Tumors with Genetic Alterations of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway That Is Crucial in Ovarian Follicle Development and Regulation. Cancers 2022, 14, 5622. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225622
Zhang G, Michener CM, Yang B. Low-Grade Ovarian Stromal Tumors with Genetic Alterations of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway That Is Crucial in Ovarian Follicle Development and Regulation. Cancers. 2022; 14(22):5622. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225622
Chicago/Turabian StyleZhang, Gloria, Chad M. Michener, and Bin Yang. 2022. "Low-Grade Ovarian Stromal Tumors with Genetic Alterations of the Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway That Is Crucial in Ovarian Follicle Development and Regulation" Cancers 14, no. 22: 5622. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225622