Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. The Origin of M2 Macrophages
3. Differences between M2 Macrophages and TAMs
4. M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment
5. Prognostic Significance of M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment
6. Performance of M2 Macrophages in the TME
6.1. Propelling Metastasis
6.2. Immunosuppressive Roles
7. Different Types of PTMs That Occur in M2 Macrophages or TAMs
7.1. SUMOylation
7.2. Methylation
7.3. Lactylation
7.4. Ubiquitylation
7.5. Acetylation
7.6. Phosphorylation
7.7. Glycosylation
7.8. Neddylation
7.9. Palmitoylation
8. Technical Considerations when Studying M2 Macrophages in Tumors
9. Inhibitors or Drugs That Target PTMs
10. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and TAMs
11. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Zheng, S.; Liang, Y.; Tan, Y.; Li, L.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; Lu, X. Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers 2022, 14, 5532. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225532
Zheng S, Liang Y, Tan Y, Li L, Liu Q, Liu T, Lu X. Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment. Cancers. 2022; 14(22):5532. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225532
Chicago/Turabian StyleZheng, Shutao, Yan Liang, Yiyi Tan, Lu Li, Qing Liu, Tao Liu, and Xiaomei Lu. 2022. "Small Tweaks, Major Changes: Post-Translational Modifications That Occur within M2 Macrophages in the Tumor Microenvironment" Cancers 14, no. 22: 5532. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14225532