Melanoma Stem Cells Educate Neutrophils to Support Cancer Progression
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Cell Lines and Cell Cultures
2.3. Conditioned Medium (CM) Preparation
2.4. CD11b, CD66b, and IL-8 Receptor (CXCR2) Expression
2.5. Chemotaxis Assay
2.6. ROS Detection
2.7. NET Release
2.8. Annexin V/PI Apoptosis Assay
2.9. ELISA Assay
2.10. Melanosphere Formation Assay
2.11. Western Blot Analysis
2.12. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Melanoma SC–CM Promotes the Activation of Neutrophils
3.2. Melanoma SCs Release Key Factors Responsible for Neutrophil Recruitment and N1-to-N2 Phenotype Reprogramming
3.3. Melanoma SC–CM-Treated Neutrophils Exhibit Increased Production of Both Intracellular and Extracellular ROS
3.4. Melanoma SC–CM Induces NET Release from Neutrophils in a Cell Death-Independent Manner
3.5. Melanoma SC-Activated Neutrophils Secrete Increased Levels of Tumor-Promoting Factors
3.6. Melanoma SC-Incubated Neutrophils Confer Stemness Properties to Melanoma Non-Stem Cells
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Anselmi, M.; Fontana, F.; Marzagalli, M.; Gagliano, N.; Sommariva, M.; Limonta, P. Melanoma Stem Cells Educate Neutrophils to Support Cancer Progression. Cancers 2022, 14, 3391. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143391
Anselmi M, Fontana F, Marzagalli M, Gagliano N, Sommariva M, Limonta P. Melanoma Stem Cells Educate Neutrophils to Support Cancer Progression. Cancers. 2022; 14(14):3391. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143391
Chicago/Turabian StyleAnselmi, Martina, Fabrizio Fontana, Monica Marzagalli, Nicoletta Gagliano, Michele Sommariva, and Patrizia Limonta. 2022. "Melanoma Stem Cells Educate Neutrophils to Support Cancer Progression" Cancers 14, no. 14: 3391. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14143391