Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Cell Culture and Treatment Conditions
2.2. Mass-Spectrometric Proteome Analyses and GSEA Analyses
2.3. Protein and RNA Analyses
- 18S rRNA forward: 5’-CATGGCCGTTCTTAGTTGGT-3’ and18S rRNA reverse: 5’ ATGCCAGAGTCTCGTTCGTT-3’;
- Cyclin B1 forward: 5’-GCCTCTACCTTTGCACTTCCT-3’ andCyclin B1 reverse 5’-TGTTGTAGAGTTGGTGTCCATT-3’;
- ID1 forward: 5’-AATCCGAAGTTGGAACCCCC-3’ andID1 reverse: 5’-GAACGCATGCCGCCTCG-3’;
- IL1A forward: 5’-AACCAACGGGAAGGTTCTGA-3 andIL1A reverse: 5‘-AGGCTTGATGATTTCTTCCTCT-3’;
- IL6 forward: 5’-CCACCGGGAACGAAAGAGAA-3‘andIL6 reverse: 5’- CGAAGGCGCTTGTGGAGAA-3’;
- CDKN1A forward: 5’-GACCATGTGGACCTGTCACT-3’ andCDKN1A reverse: 5’-GCGGATTAGGGCTTCCTCTT-3’;
- SERPINE1 forward: 5’-GACCGCAACGTGGTTTTCTC-3’ andSERPINE1 reverse: 5’-GCCATGCCCTTGTCATCAAT-3’.
2.4. Live-Cell Imaging
2.5. Apoptosis Assays
2.6. Colony Formation and Senescence Assays
2.7. Combination Index Analyses
2.8. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
3.1. CPX Regulates Factors Involved in Oxidative Phosphorylation and Glycolysis
3.2. Increased Glucose Availability Protects Cells against CPX-Induced Apoptosis
3.3. Increased Glucose Availability Favors Induction of a Senescent Phenotype under CPX Treatment
3.4. The Glucose-Dependent Apoptosis Induction through CPX Is Shared by Other OXPHOS Inhibitors
3.5. The Pro-Senescent Activity of CPX Is Shared by Other Iron Chelators, but Not by Other OXPHOS Inhibitors
3.6. CPX Synergizes with Glycolysis Inhibitors
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Herrmann, A.L.; Kuhn, B.J.; Holzer, A.; Krijgsveld, J.; Hoppe-Seyler, K.; Hoppe-Seyler, F. Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment. Cancers 2021, 13, 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194995
Herrmann AL, Kuhn BJ, Holzer A, Krijgsveld J, Hoppe-Seyler K, Hoppe-Seyler F. Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment. Cancers. 2021; 13(19):4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194995
Chicago/Turabian StyleHerrmann, Anja L., Bianca J. Kuhn, Angela Holzer, Jeroen Krijgsveld, Karin Hoppe-Seyler, and Felix Hoppe-Seyler. 2021. "Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment" Cancers 13, no. 19: 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194995
APA StyleHerrmann, A. L., Kuhn, B. J., Holzer, A., Krijgsveld, J., Hoppe-Seyler, K., & Hoppe-Seyler, F. (2021). Delineating the Switch between Senescence and Apoptosis in Cervical Cancer Cells under Ciclopirox Treatment. Cancers, 13(19), 4995. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194995