Novel Target Opportunities in Non-Metastatic Castrate Resistant Prostate Cancer
by
,
Stephanie Gleicher
1, 
Baylee A. Porter
1,2,
Disharee Nath
1,2,
Guanqun Li
1,
Rakesh Khanna
1,
Hanan Goldberg
1, 
Marcin Kortylewski
3,
Gennady Bratslavsky
1 and
Leszek Kotula
1,2,* 1
Department of Urology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Str., Syracuse, NY 13010, USA
2
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, SUNY Upstate Medical University, 750 East Adams Str., Syracuse, NY 13010, USA
3
Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, 1500 E. Duarte Road, Beckman Center Room 3111, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2021, 13(10), 2426; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13102426
Submission received: 22 April 2021
/
Revised: 9 May 2021
/
Accepted: 10 May 2021
/
Published: 17 May 2021
(This article belongs to the Collection Prostate Cancer—from Molecular Mechanisms to Clinical Care)
Simple Summary
Following local treatment of prostate cancer by surgical removal or radiation, biochemical recurrence may occur and progress to castration resistance (CR) following androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). If disease persists, men develop metastatic disease (mCRPC) which leads to death. Prior to mCRPC, a non-metastatic state exists (nmCRPC) characterized by a rise in PSA and lack of detectable metastases. Here, we review potential therapeutic strategies to interfere with the transition before the cancer becomes deadly.
Abstract
Nearly one third of men will incur biochemical recurrence after treatment for localized prostate cancer. Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the therapeutic mainstay; however, some patients will transition to a castrate resistant state (castrate resistant prostate cancer, CRPC). Subjects with CRPC may develop symptomatic metastatic disease (mCRPC) and incur mortality several years later. Prior to metastatic disease, however, men acquire non-metastatic CRPC (nmCRPC) which lends the unique opportunity for intervention to delay disease progression and symptoms. This review addresses current therapies for nmCRPC, as well as novel therapeutics and pathway strategies targeting men with nmCRPC.
