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Cancers
Volume 13
Issue 1
10.3390/cancers13010123
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Article

In Vitro Spectroscopy-Based Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Imaging Study

by
Monika Kujdowicz
1,2,
Wojciech Placha
3,
Brygida Mech
2,
Karolina Chrabaszcz
2,
Krzysztof Okoń
1 and
Kamilla Malek
2,*
1
Department of Pathomorphology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegorzecka 16, 31-531 Krakow, Poland
2
Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University in Krakow, Gronostajowa 2, 30-387 Krakow, Poland
3
Chair of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 7, 31-034 Krakow, Poland
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2021, 13(1), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010123
Received: 14 October 2020 / Revised: 17 December 2020 / Accepted: 21 December 2020 / Published: 2 January 2021
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biophotonics and Imaging for Cancer Screening, Diagnosis and Treatment Monitoring)
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Simple Summary

The mortality and recurrence associated with urothelial carcinoma are high. High heterogeneity makes it hard to detect with currently available methods such as cytology and histology. We propose here vibrational spectroscopic imaging as an additional diagnostic tool for the classification of bladder cancer. Our study revealed that chemism-induced spectroscopic features of the cancer cells of various stages and invasiveness were specifically detected.

Abstract

Markers of bladder cancer cells remain elusive, which is a major cause of the low recognition of this malignant neoplasm and its recurrence. This implies an urgent need for additional diagnostic tools which are based on the identification of the chemism of bladder cancer. In this study, we employed label-free techniques of molecular imaging—Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman spectroscopic imaging—to investigate bladder cancer cell lines of various invasiveness (T24a, T24p, HT-1376, and J82). The urothelial HCV-29 cell line was the healthy control. Specific biomolecules discriminated spatial distribution of the nucleus and cytoplasm and indicated the presence of lipid bodies and graininess in some cell lines. The most prominent discriminators are the total content of lipids and sugar moieties as well as the presence of glycogen and other carbohydrates, un/saturated lipids, cytochromes, and a level of S-S bridges in proteins. The combination of the obtained hyperspectral database and chemometric methods showed a clear differentiation of each cell line at the level of the nuclei and cytoplasm and pointed out spectral signals which differentiated bladder cancer cells. Registered spectral markers correlated with biochemical composition changes can be associated with pathogenesis and potentially used for the diagnosis of bladder cancer and response to experimental therapies. View Full-Text
Keywords: bladder cancer; infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; molecular differentiation; cell lines bladder cancer; infrared spectroscopy; Raman spectroscopy; molecular differentiation; cell lines
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kujdowicz, M.; Placha, W.; Mech, B.; Chrabaszcz, K.; Okoń, K.; Malek, K. In Vitro Spectroscopy-Based Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Imaging Study. Cancers 2021, 13, 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010123

AMA Style

Kujdowicz M, Placha W, Mech B, Chrabaszcz K, Okoń K, Malek K. In Vitro Spectroscopy-Based Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Imaging Study. Cancers. 2021; 13(1):123. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010123

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kujdowicz, Monika, Wojciech Placha, Brygida Mech, Karolina Chrabaszcz, Krzysztof Okoń, and Kamilla Malek. 2021. "In Vitro Spectroscopy-Based Profiling of Urothelial Carcinoma: A Fourier Transform Infrared and Raman Imaging Study" Cancers 13, no. 1: 123. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13010123

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