Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study
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Behavioural Neuroscience & Biomolecular Science, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Department of Biology, Algoma University, Sault Ste. Marie, ON P6A 2G4, Canada
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Department of Biology, Laurentian University, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
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Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2020, 12(4), 1001; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041001
Received: 10 March 2020
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Revised: 30 March 2020
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Accepted: 15 April 2020
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Published: 18 April 2020
Early detection of cancer improves treatment options and increases survival. Building upon previous demonstrations that ultraweak photon emissions (UPE) could be measured to detect cancers, we designed an early detection protocol to test malignancy in both in vitro and in vivo systems. Photons were measured for 100 s from plates containing ~1 million malignant or non-malignant cells from 13 different types of human and mouse cell lines. Tumor cells displayed increased photon emissions compared to non-malignant cells. Examining the standardized Spectral Power Density (SPD) configurations for flux densities between 0.1 and 25 Hz (Δf = 0.01 Hz) yielded 90% discriminant accuracy. The emission profiles of mice that had been injected with melanoma cells could be differentiated from a non-malignant reference groups as early as 24 h post-injection. The peak SPD associated with photon emissions was ~20 Hz for both malignant cell cultures and mice with growing tumors. These results extend the original suggestion by Takeda and his colleagues (2004) published in this journal concerning the potential diagnostic value of UPEs for assessing proliferations of carcinoma cells. The specificity of the spectral profile in the 20 Hz range may be relevant to the consistent efficacy reported by several authors that weak magnetic field pulsations within this frequency range can diminish the growth of malignant cells in culture and tumor weights in mice.
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Keywords:
ultraweak photon emission; cancer diagnostics; pancreatic cell cultures; malignancy; mice developing tumors; discriminant functions
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MDPI and ACS Style
Murugan, N.J.; Persinger, M.A.; Karbowski, L.M.; Dotta, B.T. Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cancers 2020, 12, 1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041001
AMA Style
Murugan NJ, Persinger MA, Karbowski LM, Dotta BT. Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study. Cancers. 2020; 12(4):1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041001
Chicago/Turabian StyleMurugan, Nirosha J., Michael A. Persinger, Lukasz M. Karbowski, and Blake T. Dotta. 2020. "Ultraweak Photon Emissions as a Non-Invasive, Early-Malignancy Detection Tool: An In Vitro and In Vivo Study" Cancers 12, no. 4: 1001. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12041001
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