Clinical and Genetic Tumor Characteristics of Responding and Non-Responding Patients to PD-1 Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
Abstract
:Simple Summary
Abstract
1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Description of the Cohort
2.2. Response to Treatment
2.3. Clinical Determinates of Response to ICI Treatment
2.4. Molecular Determinates of Response to ICI Treatment
2.5. Tumor Mutational Burden (TMB)
2.6. Antibiotic Treatment and ICI Therapy
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Patients
4.2. Treatment and Response Monitoring
4.3. Genomic Analyses of Tumor/Normal Tissue
4.4. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Patients | No = 99 |
---|---|
Age—Year (Median) | 69.0 (20.8–87.0) |
Liver disease—no (%) | |
Hepatitis B | 13 (13%) |
Hepatitis C | 24 (24%) |
Alcohol | 32 (32%) |
NASH | 16 (16%) |
Budd–Chiari syndrome | 2 (2%) |
Haemochromatosis | 3 (3%) |
Unknown hepatopathy | 9 (9%) |
HCC without cirrhosis | 15 (15%) |
Extrahepatic spread—no (%) | 54 (55%) |
Macrovascular invasion—no (%) | 24 (24%) |
Biochemical analysis at baseline (median) | |
Alpha-fetoprotein µg/L (n = 98 †) | 90.5 (0.7–60500) |
Child–Pugh class at baseline | |
A | 67 (68%) |
B | 30 (30%) |
B7 | 14 (14%) |
B8 | 11 (11%) |
B9 | 3 (3%) |
C | 2 (2%) |
Previous locoregional treatments—no (%) | |
Surgical resection | 31 (31%) |
Radiofrequency ablation | 22 (23%) |
Percutaneous Ethanol Injection | 1 (1%) |
TACE | 32 (32%) |
SIRT | 14 (14%) |
Line of treatment ICI was used—no (%) | |
1st line | 13 (13%) |
2nd line | 64 (65%) |
3rd line | 15 (15%) |
4th line | 5 (5%) |
5th line | 2 (2%) |
Previous systemic treatments—no (%) | |
Sorafenib (1st line) | 84 (85%) |
Length of sorafenib treatment—months (median) | 3.1 (0.3–32) |
Lenvatinib | 2 (2%) |
FOLFOX/XELOX | 3 (3%) |
Cabozantinib | 2 (2%) |
Regorafenib | 16 (16%) |
Experimental drug | 6 (6%) |
Best treatment response to PD-1 Inhibitor—no (%) | |
Complete response | 4 (4%) |
Partial response | 15 (15%) |
Stable disease | 35 (35%) |
Progressive disease | 45 (45%) |
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Spahn, S.; Roessler, D.; Pompilia, R.; Gabernet, G.; Gladstone, B.P.; Horger, M.; Biskup, S.; Feldhahn, M.; Nahnsen, S.; Hilke, F.J.; et al. Clinical and Genetic Tumor Characteristics of Responding and Non-Responding Patients to PD-1 Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers 2020, 12, 3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123830
Spahn S, Roessler D, Pompilia R, Gabernet G, Gladstone BP, Horger M, Biskup S, Feldhahn M, Nahnsen S, Hilke FJ, et al. Clinical and Genetic Tumor Characteristics of Responding and Non-Responding Patients to PD-1 Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Cancers. 2020; 12(12):3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123830
Chicago/Turabian StyleSpahn, Stephan, Daniel Roessler, Radu Pompilia, Gisela Gabernet, Beryl Primrose Gladstone, Marius Horger, Saskia Biskup, Magdalena Feldhahn, Sven Nahnsen, Franz J. Hilke, and et al. 2020. "Clinical and Genetic Tumor Characteristics of Responding and Non-Responding Patients to PD-1 Inhibition in Hepatocellular Carcinoma" Cancers 12, no. 12: 3830. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers12123830