Antitumor Response and Immunomodulatory Effects of Sub-Microsecond Irreversible Electroporation and Its Combination with Calcium Electroporation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Bioluminescence Assay
2.2. Scab Formation
2.3. Volumetric Tumor Changes and Survival
2.4. Lymphocyte Subsets in Spleen, Lymph Nodes and Tumors
2.5. Immune Response
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Generation of Luciferase Expressing Sp2/0 Myeloma Cells
4.2. Mice and Tumor Induction
4.3. Electroporation
4.4. Experimental Scheme
4.5. Evaluation of Tumor Sizes
4.6. Flow Cytometric Analysis
4.7. Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Killing Assay
4.8. Determination of Tumor Cell-Specific Antibodies
4.9. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Mouse Groups | CTRL | CTRL + Ca | PEF1 | PEF1 + Ca | PEF2 | PEF2 + Ca | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mice, total numbers | 13 | 5 | 9 | 8 | 10 | 10 | |
Primary tumor did not renew | numbers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 5 | 4 |
% from total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 50 | 40 | |
Enlarged lymph nodes due to metastasis | numbers | 3 | 2 | 5 | 7 | 7 | 4 |
% from total | 23.4 | 40 | 55.6 | 87.5 | 70 | 40 | |
Fully recovered mice | numbers | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 2 |
% from total | 0 | 0 | 0 | 12.5 | 10 | 20 |
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Novickij, V.; Čėsna, R.; Perminaitė, E.; Zinkevičienė, A.; Characiejus, D.; Novickij, J.; Šatkauskas, S.; Ruzgys, P.; Girkontaitė, I. Antitumor Response and Immunomodulatory Effects of Sub-Microsecond Irreversible Electroporation and Its Combination with Calcium Electroporation. Cancers 2019, 11, 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111763
Novickij V, Čėsna R, Perminaitė E, Zinkevičienė A, Characiejus D, Novickij J, Šatkauskas S, Ruzgys P, Girkontaitė I. Antitumor Response and Immunomodulatory Effects of Sub-Microsecond Irreversible Electroporation and Its Combination with Calcium Electroporation. Cancers. 2019; 11(11):1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111763
Chicago/Turabian StyleNovickij, Vitalij, Robertas Čėsna, Emilija Perminaitė, Auksė Zinkevičienė, Dainius Characiejus, Jurij Novickij, Saulius Šatkauskas, Paulius Ruzgys, and Irutė Girkontaitė. 2019. "Antitumor Response and Immunomodulatory Effects of Sub-Microsecond Irreversible Electroporation and Its Combination with Calcium Electroporation" Cancers 11, no. 11: 1763. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11111763