Current Concepts of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma
by
Dominik A. Barth 1
, Ondrej Slaby 2,3, Christiane Klec 1, Jaroslav Juracek 2,3, Rares Drula 4, George A. Calin 5 and Martin Pichler 1,5,*
Dominik A. Barth 1, Ondrej Slaby 2,3, Christiane Klec 1, Jaroslav Juracek 2,3, Rares Drula 4, George A. Calin 5 and Martin Pichler 1,5,*
1
Research Unit of Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Comprehensive Cancer Center Graz, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria
2
Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
3
Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, 62500 Brno, Czech Republic
4
Research Centre for Functional Genomics and Translational Medicine, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 40015 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
5
Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2019, 11(10), 1580; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11101580
Received: 22 September 2019 / Revised: 12 October 2019 / Accepted: 14 October 2019 / Published: 17 October 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Non-Coding RNAs as Emerging Regulators of Signalling Pathways and Novel Therapeutic Targets in Human Cancers)
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is a relatively rare malignancy of the urinary tract system. RCC is a heterogenous disease in terms of underlying histology and its associated underlying pathobiology, prognosis and treatment schedule. The most prevalent histological RCC subtype is clear-cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), accounting for about 70–80% of all RCCs. Though the pathobiology and treatment schedule for ccRCC are well-established, non-ccRCC subtypes account for 20%–30% of RCC altogether, and their underlying molecular biology and treatment options are poorly defined. The class of non-coding RNAs—molecules that are generally not translated into proteins—are new cancer drivers and suppressors in all types of cancer. Of these, small non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) contribute to carcinogenesis by regulating posttranscriptional gene silencing. Additionally, a growing body of evidence supports the role of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in cancer development and progression. Most studies on non-coding RNAs in RCC focus on clear-cell histology, and there is a relatively limited number of studies on non-ccRCC subtypes. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the current knowledge regarding the role of non-coding RNAs (including short and long non-coding RNAs) in non-ccRCC and to highlight possible implications as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Keywords:
renal cell carcinoma; non-clear cell; lncRNA; miRNA; long noncoding RNA; microRNA biomarker
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MDPI and ACS Style
Barth, D.A.; Slaby, O.; Klec, C.; Juracek, J.; Drula, R.; Calin, G.A.; Pichler, M. Current Concepts of Non-Coding RNAs in the Pathogenesis of Non-Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma. Cancers 2019, 11, 1580.
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