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RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact

1
Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
2
Centre for Risk and Decision Sciences (CERIDES), 2404 Nicosia, Cyprus
3
Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Molecular Genetics, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
4
Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece
5
Division of Surgical Oncology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 71500 Crete, Greece
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Cancers 2018, 10(9), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090287
Received: 20 July 2018 / Revised: 12 August 2018 / Accepted: 18 August 2018 / Published: 24 August 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Targeting Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) in Cancer)
RAF-kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP) is a well-established tumor suppressor that is frequently downregulated in a plethora of solid and hematological malignancies. RKIP exerts antimetastatic and pro-apoptotic properties in cancer cells, via modulation of signaling pathways and gene products involved in tumor survival and spread. Here we review the contribution of RKIP in the regulation of early metastatic steps such as epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), migration, and invasion, as well as in tumor sensitivity to conventional therapeutics and immuno-mediated cytotoxicity. We further provide updated justification for targeting RKIP as a strategy to overcome tumor chemo/immuno-resistance and suppress metastasis, through the use of agents able to modulate RKIP expression in cancer cells. View Full-Text
Keywords: RKIP; cancer; resistance; metastasis; EMT; therapy RKIP; cancer; resistance; metastasis; EMT; therapy
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MDPI and ACS Style

Zaravinos, A.; Bonavida, B.; Chatzaki, E.; Baritaki, S. RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact. Cancers 2018, 10, 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090287

AMA Style

Zaravinos A, Bonavida B, Chatzaki E, Baritaki S. RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact. Cancers. 2018; 10(9):287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090287

Chicago/Turabian Style

Zaravinos, Apostolos, Benjamin Bonavida, Ekaterini Chatzaki, and Stavroula Baritaki. 2018. "RKIP: A Key Regulator in Tumor Metastasis Initiation and Resistance to Apoptosis: Therapeutic Targeting and Impact" Cancers 10, no. 9: 287. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers10090287

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