A Laser-Engraving Technique for Portable Micropneumatic Oscillators
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Parameters of Design and Assembly Process
2.2. Characterization Technique
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Frequency Measurement
3.2. Portability Experiment
3.3. Flow Control in Fluidic Channel
3.4. Benchmarking of Oscillators
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
- Garcia-Cordero, J.L.; Maerkl, S.J. A 1024-sample serum analyzer chip for cancer diagnostics. Lab Chip 2014, 14, 2642–2650. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Toriello, N.M.; Douglas, E.S.; Thaitrong, N.; Hsiao, S.C.; Francis, M.B.; Bertozzi, C.R.; Mathies, R.A. Integrated microfluidic bioprocessor for single-cell gene expression analysis. PNAS 2008, 105, 20173–20178. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Araci, I.E.; Quake, S.R. Microfluidic very large scale integration (mVLSI) with integrated micromechanical valves. Lab Chip 2012, 12, 2803–2806. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Lai, H.; Folch, A. Design and dynamic characterization of “single-stroke” peristaltic PDMS micropumps. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 336–342. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Grover, W.H.; Skelley, A.M.; Liu, C.N.; Lagally, E.T.; Mathies, R.A. Monolithic membrane valves and diaphragm pumps for practical large-scale integration into glass microfluidic devices. Sens. Actuators B Chem. 2003, 89, 315–323. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Weaver, J.A.; Melin, J.; Stark, D.; Quake, S.R.; Horowitz, M.A. Static control logic for microfluidic devices using pressure-gain valves. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 218–223. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Duncan, P.N.; Nguyen, T.V.; Hui, E.E. Pneumatic oscillator circuits for timing and control of integrated microfluidics. PNAS 2013, 110, 18104–18109. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Jensen, E.C.; Grover, W.H.; Mathies, R.A. Micropneumatic digital logic structures for integrated microdevice computation and control. J. Micromech. Syst. 2007, 16, 1378–1385. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Rhee, M.; Burns, M.A. Microfluidic pneumatic logic circuits and digital pneumatic microprocessors for integrated microfluidic systems. Lab Chip 2009, 9, 3131–3143. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Jung, W.; Han, J.; Choi, J.; Ahn, C.H. Point-of-care testing (POCT) diagnostic systems using microfluidic lab-on-a-chip technologies. Microelectron. Eng. 2015, 132, 46–57. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Guckenberger, D.J.; de Groot, T.E.; Wan, A.M.D.; Beebe, D.J.; Young, E.W.K. Micromilling: A method for ultra-rapid prototyping of plastic microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2015, 15, 2364–2378. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Schilling, E.A.; Kamholz, A.E.; Yager, P. Cell lysis and protein extraction in a microfluidic device with detection by a fluorogenic enzyme assay. Anal. Chem. 2002, 74, 1798–1804. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kummrow, A.; Theisen, J.; Frankowski, M.; Tuchscheerer, A.; Yildirim, H.; Brattke, K.; Schmidt, M.; Neukammer, J. Microfluidic structures for flow cytometric analysis of hydrodynamically focussed blood cells fabricated by ultraprecision micromachining. Lab Chip 2009, 9, 972–981. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Tsao, C.-W. Polymer microfluidics: Simple, low-cost fabrication process bridging academic lab research to commercialized production. Micromachines 2016, 7, 225. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Roy, E.; Galas, J.-C.; Veres, T. Thermoplastic elastomers for microfluidics: Towards a high-throughput fabrication method of multilayered microfluidic devices. Lab Chip 2011, 11, 3193–3196. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Zhang, W.; Lin, S.; Wang, C.; Hu, J.; Li, C.; Zhuang, Z.; Zhou, Y.; Mathies, R.A.; Yang, C.J. PMMA/PDMS valves and pumps for disposable microfluidics. Lab Chip 2009, 9, 3088–3094. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Mosadegh, B.; Kuo, C.-H.; Tung, Y.-C.; Torisawa, Y.; Bersano-Begey, T.; Tavana, H.; Takayama, S. Integrated elastomeric components for autonomous regulation of sequential and oscillatory flow switching in microfluidic devices. Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 433–437. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Duncan, P.N.; Ahrar, S.; Hui, E.E. Scaling of pneumatic digital logic circuits. Lab Chip 2015, 15, 1360–1365. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Werner, E.M.; Chu, M.; Hui, E.E. Rapid prototyping of microfluidic digital logic. In Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Miniaturized Systems for Chemistry and Life Sciences, Dublin, Ireland, 9–13 October 2016. [Google Scholar]
- Duffy, D.C.; McDonald, J.C.; Schueller, O.J.A.; Whitesides, G.M. Rapid prototyping of microfluidic systems in poly(dimethylsiloxane). Anal. Chem. 1998, 70, 4974–4984. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, K.; Park, S.W.; Yang, S.S. The optimization of PDMS-PMMA bonding process using silane primer. J. BioChip 2010, 4, 148–154. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Sakurai, T.; Newton, A.R. Alpha-power law MOSFET model and its applications to CMOS inverter delay and other formulas. J. Solid-State Circuits 1990, 25, 584–594. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
- Nguyen, T.V.; Duncan, P.N.; Ahrar, S.; Hui, E.E. Semi-autonomous liquid handling via on-chip pneumatic digital logic. Lab Chip 2012, 12, 3991–3994. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed]
- Kim, S.-J.; Yokokawa, R.; Lesher-Perez, S.C.; Takayama, S. Multiple independent autonomous hydraulic oscillators driven by a common gravity head. Nat. Commun. 2015, 6, 7301. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
- Wehner, M.; Truby, R.L.; Fitzgerald, D.J.; Mosadegh, B.; Whitesides, G.M.; Lewis, J.A.; Wood, R.J. An integrated design and fabrication strategy for entirely soft, autonomous robots. Nature 2016, 536, 451–455. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef] [PubMed] [Green Version]
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Share and Cite
Balaji, V.; Castro, K.; Folch, A. A Laser-Engraving Technique for Portable Micropneumatic Oscillators. Micromachines 2018, 9, 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090426
Balaji V, Castro K, Folch A. A Laser-Engraving Technique for Portable Micropneumatic Oscillators. Micromachines. 2018; 9(9):426. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090426
Chicago/Turabian StyleBalaji, Vidhya, Kurt Castro, and Albert Folch. 2018. "A Laser-Engraving Technique for Portable Micropneumatic Oscillators" Micromachines 9, no. 9: 426. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9090426