Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Clinical Applications of Circulating Biomarkers (CTCs and ctDNA)
1
Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Korea
2
Center for Soft and Living Matter, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), UNIST-gil 50, Ulsan 44919, Korea
3
Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179, Gudeok-ro, Seo-Gu, Busan 49241, Korea
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Micromachines 2018, 9(3), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030100
Received: 1 February 2018
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Revised: 18 February 2018
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Accepted: 26 February 2018
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Published: 28 February 2018
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Microfluidics for Circulating Biomarkers)
Lung cancer is by far the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounting for the majority of cases. Recent advances in the understanding of the biology of tumors and in highly sensitive detection technologies for molecular analysis offer targeted therapies, such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitors. However, our understanding of an individual patient’s lung cancer is often limited by tumor accessibility because of the high risk and invasive nature of current tissue biopsy procedures. “Liquid biopsy”, the analysis of circulating biomarkers from peripheral blood, such as circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), offers a new source of cancer-derived materials that may reflect the status of the disease better and thereby contribute to more personalized treatment. In this review, we examined the clinical significance and uniqueness of CTCs and ctDNA from NSCLC patients, isolation and detection methods developed to analyze each type of circulating biomarker, and examples of clinical studies of potential applications for early diagnosis, prognosis, treatment monitoring, and prediction of resistance to therapy. We also discuss challenges that remain to be addressed before such tools are implemented for routine use in clinical settings.
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Keywords:
liquid biopsy; circulating biomarkers; circulating tumor cells; circulating tumor DNA; non-small cell lung cancer
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MDPI and ACS Style
Lim, M.; Kim, C.-J.; Sunkara, V.; Kim, M.-H.; Cho, Y.-K. Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Clinical Applications of Circulating Biomarkers (CTCs and ctDNA). Micromachines 2018, 9, 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030100
AMA Style
Lim M, Kim C-J, Sunkara V, Kim M-H, Cho Y-K. Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Clinical Applications of Circulating Biomarkers (CTCs and ctDNA). Micromachines. 2018; 9(3):100. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030100
Chicago/Turabian StyleLim, Minji, Chi-Ju Kim, Vijaya Sunkara, Mi-Hyun Kim, and Yoon-Kyoung Cho. 2018. "Liquid Biopsy in Lung Cancer: Clinical Applications of Circulating Biomarkers (CTCs and ctDNA)" Micromachines 9, no. 3: 100. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi9030100
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