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Micromachines
Volume 16
Issue 11
10.3390/mi16111220
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Retraction of Micromachines 2021, 12(6), 672.
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Retraction

RETRACTED: Durairaju et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672

by
Periyan Durairaju
1,2,*,†,
Chinnasamy Umarani
2,
Jothi Ramalingam Rajabather
3,
Amer M. Alanazi
4,†,
Govindasami Periyasami
3 and
Lee D. Wilson
5,*
1
Department of Chemistry, Thiruvalluvar Government Arts College, Rasipuram 636007, Tamilnadu, India
2
Department of Chemistry, Government Arts College (Autonomous), Salem 636007, Tamilnadu, India
3
Chemistry Department, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
4
Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
5
Department of Chemistry, University of Saskatchewan, 110 Science Place—Room 165 Thorvaldson Bldg., Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C9, Canada
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
†
These authors contributed equally to this work.
Micromachines 2025, 16(11), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111220
Submission received: 15 August 2025 / Accepted: 20 August 2025 / Published: 27 October 2025
Versions Notes
The journal retracts the article “Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications” [1] cited above.
Following publication, concerns were brought to the attention of the Editorial Office regarding image anomalies contained within this publication [1].
Adhering to our standard procedure, an investigation was conducted by the Editorial Office and Editorial Board that identified indications of inappropriate editing and duplication between figures presented in this article [1] and an earlier publication [2], produced by a similar research group and presenting different experimental conditions.
While the authors collaborated throughout the process, they were unable to satisfactorily address the above-mentioned concerns or submit raw materials that the Editorial Board deemed sufficient to verify the integrity of the images. Consequently, the Editorial Board has lost confidence in the reliability of the findings and has decided to retract this publication, as per MDPI’s retraction policy (https://www.mdpi.com/ethics#_bookmark30).
This retraction was approved by the Section Editor-in-Chief of the journal Micromachines.
The authors did not agree to this retraction.

References

  1. Durairaju, P.; Umarani, C.; Rajabather, J.R.; Alanazi, A.M.; Periyasami, G.; Wilson, L.D. RETRACTED: Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
  2. Ramalingam, R.J.; Vaali-Mohammed, M.-A.; Al-Lohedan, H.A.; Appaturi, J.N. Synthesis and bio-physical characterization of Silver nanoparticle and Ag-mesoporous MnO2 nanocomposite for anti-microbial and anti-cancer activity. J. Mol. Liq. 2017, 243, 348–357. [Google Scholar] [CrossRef]
Disclaimer/Publisher’s Note: The statements, opinions and data contained in all publications are solely those of the individual author(s) and contributor(s) and not of MDPI and/or the editor(s). MDPI and/or the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to people or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content.

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MDPI and ACS Style

Durairaju, P.; Umarani, C.; Rajabather, J.R.; Alanazi, A.M.; Periyasami, G.; Wilson, L.D. RETRACTED: Durairaju et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672. Micromachines 2025, 16, 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111220

AMA Style

Durairaju P, Umarani C, Rajabather JR, Alanazi AM, Periyasami G, Wilson LD. RETRACTED: Durairaju et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672. Micromachines. 2025; 16(11):1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111220

Chicago/Turabian Style

Durairaju, Periyan, Chinnasamy Umarani, Jothi Ramalingam Rajabather, Amer M. Alanazi, Govindasami Periyasami, and Lee D. Wilson. 2025. "RETRACTED: Durairaju et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672" Micromachines 16, no. 11: 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111220

APA Style

Durairaju, P., Umarani, C., Rajabather, J. R., Alanazi, A. M., Periyasami, G., & Wilson, L. D. (2025). RETRACTED: Durairaju et al. Synthesis and Characterization of Pyridine-Grafted Copolymers of Acrylic Acid–Styrene Derivatives for Antimicrobial and Fluorescence Applications. Micromachines 2021, 12, 672. Micromachines, 16(11), 1220. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16111220

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