The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental
2.1. Materials and Preparation
2.2. Materials Characterization
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Data Availability Statement
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Samples | C | O | C=C | C-O | O-C=O |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ref-600C | 93.6 | 5.8 | 71.8 | 8.9 | 19.3 |
DRY-1 | 96.3 | 3.3 | 59.7 | 21.6 | 18.8 |
WET-1 | 97.0 | 2.7 | 59.9 | 18.6 | 21.9 |
DRY-2 | 90.5 | 8.6 | 61.4 | 11.5 | 27.1 |
WET-2 | 93.7 | 5.9 | 58.3 | 22.9 | 18.8 |
Samples | Ref-600C | DRY-1 | WET-1 | DRY-2 | WET-2 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
BET surface, (m2/g) | 35 | 1191 | 1263 | 1214 | 1516 |
t-plot SAmicro, (m2/g) | 17 | 551 | 461 | 437 | 433 |
t-plot SAExt, (m2/g) | 17 | 639 | 800 | 777 | 1083 |
t-plot Vmicro, (m3/g) | 0.005 | 0.197 | 0.150 | 0.109 | 0.045 |
Vtotal, (m3/g) * | 0.019 | 0.637 | 0.664 | 0.753 | 0.954 |
BJH adsorption, cm3/g | 0.013 | 0.342 | 0.368 | 0.599 | 0.905 |
BJH desorption, (cm3/g) | - | 0.256 | 0.238 | 0.513 | 0.784 |
D-H adsorption, (cm3/g) | 0.013 | 0.543 | 0.582 | 0.699 | 0.947 |
D-H desorption, (cm3/g) | - | 0.237 | 0.219 | 0.482 | 0.751 |
Horvath-Kawazoe at 0.31, (cm3/g) | 0.017 | 0.578 | 0.626 | 0.610 | 0.767 |
BJH adsorption pore width, (nm) ** | 2.28 | 2.603 | 2.399 | 2.949 | 2.836 |
Biomass | Activation Agent | Surface Area m2/g | Electrolye | Specific Capacitance | Capacitance Retention | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Banana fibers | KOH | 957 | 1 M KOH | 324 F/g at 10 mV/s | 100% at 25 A/g 5000 cycles | [59] |
Coconut shell | ZnCl2 | 1874 | 6 M KOH | 268 F/g at 1 A/g | 99.5% at 3 A/g 5000 cycles | [60] |
Nori | ZnCl2 | 832 | 6 M KOH | 220 F/g at 0.1 A/g | 96.6% at 2 A/g 5000 cylces | [61] |
Ramie | ZnCl2 | 1616 | 6 M KOH | 287 F/g at 0.05 A/g | 93% at 0.1 A/g 1000 cycles | [62] |
Willow wood | KOH | 2793 | 6 M KOH | 394 F/g at 1 A/g | 94% at 5 A/g 5000 cycles | [63] |
Rice husk ash | HF | 786 | 6 M KOH | 260 F/g at 1 A/g | 84% at 20 A/g 10,000 cycles | [64] |
Banana Fibers | ZnCl2 | 1097 | 1 M Na2SO4 | 74 F/g at 0.5 A/g | 88% at 0.5 A/g 500 cycles | [65] |
Bamboo char | KOH | 3061 | 6 M KOH | 258 F/g at 0.1 A/g | 92% at 2 A/g 3000 cycles | [66] |
Pine wood | - | 76 | 2 M KOH | 328 F/g at 0.2 A/g | 99.7% at 4 A/g 2000 cycles | [67] |
Wheat straw | KOH | 2115 | 3 M KOH | 294 F/g at 1 A/g | 97.6% at 10 A/g 5000 cycles | [68] |
Pine wood | ZnCl2 (DRY-1) | 1191 | 6 M KOH | 146 F/g at 0.1 A/g | 97.8% at 5 A/g 5000 cycles | This work |
Pine wood | ZnCl2(WET-1) | 1263 | 6 M KOH | 247 F/g at 0.1 A/g | 94.4% at 5 A/g 5000 cycles | This work |
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Phiri, J.; Ahadian, H.; Sandberg, M.; Granström, K.; Maloney, T. The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation. Micromachines 2023, 14, 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030572
Phiri J, Ahadian H, Sandberg M, Granström K, Maloney T. The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation. Micromachines. 2023; 14(3):572. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030572
Chicago/Turabian StylePhiri, Josphat, Hamidreza Ahadian, Maria Sandberg, Karin Granström, and Thad Maloney. 2023. "The Influence of Physical Mixing and Impregnation on the Physicochemical Properties of Pine Wood Activated Carbon Produced by One-Step ZnCl2 Activation" Micromachines 14, no. 3: 572. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi14030572