Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Procedures for the Preparation of Electrochemical Devices for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis
3. Principles of Amphenicol Electrochemical Detection
3.1. Electrochemical Reduction
3.2. Electrochemical Oxidation
3.3. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopic (EIS) Detection
3.4. Potentiometric Detection
3.5. Immunosensors and Aptasensors
4. Simultaneous Electrochemical Detection of Amphenicol and Other Compounds
5. Analytical Applications of the Electrochemical Sensors for Amphenicol Determination in Real Samples
6. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
3D_rGO | three–dimensional reduced graphene oxide; |
AdS–DPV | adsorptive stripping differential pulse voltammetry; |
AdSV | adsorptive stripping voltammetry; |
AdS–LSV | adsorptive stripping linear sweep voltammetry; |
AdS–SWV | adsorptive stripping square wave voltammetry; |
Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIGE | TiO2 modified with sodium carboxymethyl cellulose and silver nanoparticles deposited onto laser induced graphene electrode; |
AgNPs/S-f–G | silver nanoparticles/sulfonate functionalized graphene; |
Amp | amperometry; |
Anti–CAP/HGNS/CHIT | CAP antibody/hollow gold nanospheres/chitosan; |
Anti–CAP/PVA–co–PE NFM | CAP antibody covalently immobilized on poly(vinyl alcohol-co-ethylene) nanofibrous membrane; |
Apt–MIP(Res)/AgNPs/3–ampy–rGO | aminoaptamer-molecularly imprinted polyresorcinol/silver nanoparticles/3–aminoethyl functionalized reduced graphene oxide; |
Apt/[NH2–Si]–f–GO/AgNPs | aptamer/graphene oxide functionalized with (3-aminopropyl) triethoxysilane/silver nanoparticles; |
Apt/PCN–222/GO/AuE | aptamer–zirconium–porphyrin metalorganic framework/graphene oxide modified gold electrode; |
AuNPs | gold nanoparticles; |
AuNPs/C3N4/G | gold nanoparticles/carbon nitride/graphene; |
AuNPs/GO | gold nanoparticles/graphene oxide; |
AuNPs/N–G | gold nanoparticles decorated nitrogen–doped graphene; |
BDD(E) | boron doped diamond (electrode); |
BiOI/G | bismuth oxyiodide/graphene; |
Bi2S3@GCN | bismuth trisulfide–graphitic carbon nitride hybrid-based core–shell nanomaterials; |
BM–PCE | biomass derived porous carbon electrode; |
β–CD/CMK-3@PDA | β–cyclodextrin/ordered mesoporous carbon@polydopamine; |
CF(ME) | carbon fiber (microelectrode); |
Cl–rGO | chlorine doped reduced graphene oxide; |
CL–Ho3+/Co3O4-NFlos | carnation like holmium doped Co3O4 nanoflowers; |
c-SWCNH | carboxylic group-functionalized single–walled carbon nanohorns; |
CNTs/en/AuNPs | carbon nanotubes/ethylenediamine/gold nanoparticles; |
Co3O4@rGO | cobalt oxide nanocrystals on reduced graphene oxide; |
CP(E) | carbon paste (electrode); |
CSM@VSM | cylindrical surfactant micelles and vertical silica mesochannels; |
CTAB | cetyltrimethylammonium bromide; |
CuNDs/MWCNTs | copper nanodendrites/multi–walled carbon nanotubes; |
CV | cyclic voltammetry; |
DME | dropping mercury electrode; |
DMF | dimethylformamide; |
DPP | differential pulse polarography; |
DPV | differential pulse voltammetry; |
EIS | electrochemical impedance spectroscopy; |
ENC–800 | exfoliated metalorganic framework–derived N–doped honeycomb cavernous carbon; |
EPC | exfoliated porous carbon; |
Eu2O3NPs@rGO | Eu2O3 nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide; |
ET | electrochemically pretreated; |
Fe/NC | nitrogen doped carbon nanoparticles decorated with iron; |
Fe3O4–CMC@AuNPs | magnetite nanostructures stabilized with carboxymethyl cellulose and decorated with gold nanoparticles; |
Fe3O4@G/MSPE | graphene-iron oxide nanoparticles modified magnetic screen-printed electrode; |
Fe3O4mNPs | Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles; |
FGE | flexible graphene electrode; |
FIA-AD | flow injection analysis with amperometric detection; |
g–C3N4/MnWO4 | graphitic carbon nitride/manganese tungstate; |
G | graphene; |
Gd2(MoO4)3@rG | gadolinium molybdate nanosheets–reduced graphene nanocomposite; |
G/CuPc | graphene–copper phthalocyanine; |
GC(E) | glassy carbon (electrode); |
GNFls | graphene nanoflakes; |
GO | graphene oxide; |
GO/ZnO | graphene oxide/three-dimensional hierarchical zinc oxide nanocomposite; |
GO/PdNPs | palladium nanoparticles decorated with graphene oxide; |
ITO(E) | indium tin oxide (electrode); |
LIG(E) | laser induced graphene (electrode); |
LSV | linear sweep voltammetry; |
MIL–101(Cr)/XC-72 | Material Institute Lavoisier–101(Cr)—a metalorganic framework constructed by chromium ion and terephthalate ligands/a kind of carbon black hybrid; |
MIO@NG | magnetic iron oxide embed nitrogen–doped graphene nanohybrid; |
MIP | molecularly imprinted polymer; |
MIP(EBT) | molecularly imprinted poly(Eriochrome black T); |
MIP(5-IAA)/(Pt-Pd)NPs/P N-G | molecularly imprinted poly(indole-5-carboxylic acid)/dendritic platinum-palladium bimetallic nanoparticles/porous N-doped graphene; |
MIP(MAA) | molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid); |
MIP(MAA)/3D_CNTs@CuNPs | molecularly imprinted poly(methacrylic acid)/three–dimensional carbon nanotubes–copper nanoparticles composite; |
Mn2O3@CCH | manganese oxide supported on carbon modified halloysite nanotube composite; |
Mn2O3TNSs | manganese oxide tiny nanostructures; |
MoN@S–GCN | molybdenum nitride nanorods sulfur–doped graphitic carbon nitride nanocomposite; |
MoS2–CB | molybdenum disulfide–carbon black; |
MoS2/f–MWCNTs | molybdenum disulfide nanosheets coated on functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes; |
MoS2–IL/GO | MoS2–ionic liquids/graphene oxide; |
MoS2/PANI | molybdenum disulfide/polyaniline nanocomposite; |
MoS2/SDPANI | MoS2 intercalated by self-doped polyaniline; |
MRLs | maximum residue limits; |
MRPL | minimum required performance limit; |
MS | mass spectrometry; |
MWCNT | multiwalled carbon nanotube; |
MWCNTs/CTAB/PDPA | multiwalled carbon nanotubes/cetyltrimethylammonium bromide/ poly(diphenylamine); |
MWCNTs@MIP/P–rGO/CKM–3 | multiwalled carbon nanotubes –molecularly imprinted polymer/porous reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous carbon; |
NiCo2O4@C | hollow NiCo2O4 and carbon composite; |
NC | nanocube; |
ND | nanodendrite; |
NF | nanofiber; |
NFl | nanoflake; |
NFlo | nanoflower; |
NPs | nanoparticle; |
N–PC@MoS2 | MoS2 nanosheets on nitrogen doped seaweed–derived porous carbon; |
NW | nanowire; |
OMC/Nafion | ordered mesoporous carbon/Nafion composite film; |
OMIMPF6/AuNPs/SWCNTs | 1–octyl–3–methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate film/gold nanoparticles/single–walled carbon nanotubes composite; |
P(3-MTF) | poly(3-methyltiophene); |
PC(E) | porous carbon (electrode); |
PCN–222–CHIT/PEDOT | zirconium–based porphyrinic metalorganic frameworks—chitosan/poly 3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene; |
PDA-VGCF | polydopamine functionalized vapor-grown carbon fiber; |
P(EBT) | poly (Eriochrome black T); |
PEDOT | poly(3,4–ethylenedioxythiophene); |
PG(E) | pencil graphite (electrode); |
PhV | photovoltammetry; |
RE | rotating electrode; |
Pt–Pd NCs/rGO | bimetallic alloyed Pt–Pd nanocubes supported on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets; |
rGO | reduced graphene oxide; |
rGO/Cu2S NS | copper sulfite nanosphere decorated reduced graphene oxide; |
rGO@NHS@AuNFlos | reduced graphene oxide crosslinked with N-hydroxysuccinimide and functionalized with gold nanoflowers; |
rGO/PdNPs | palladium nanoparticles decorated reduced graphene oxide; |
Si–Fe/NOMC | iron–nitrogen co–doped ordered mesoporous carbon–silicon nanocomposite; |
SPANI–CHIT | sulfonated polyaniline–chitosan composite; |
SPE | screen printed electrode; |
SPCE | screen printed carbon electrode; |
SPGE | screen printed graphene electrode; |
SPPtE | screen printed platinum electrode; |
Sr–ZnO@rGO | strontium doped zinc oxide–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite; |
SSB/CAP/MCH/Apt/PEI–rGO/AuNCs/AuE | 6–mercapto–1–hexanol treated SH–aptamer polyethyleneimine–functionalized reduced graphene oxide/gold nanocubes modified gold electrode exposed to CAP and incubated with single-stranded DNA binding protein; |
SWCNT | single walled nanotube carbon; |
SWV | square wave voltammetry; |
tDNA-Apt/SPAuE | thiolated DNA aptamer/screen printed gold electrode; |
TiN–rGO | titanium nitride–reduced graphene oxide; |
TRP | tetraruthenated porphyrin; |
UV-Vis | ultraviolet-visible; |
Z–800@rGO | porous carbon material Z-800 obtained from the zeolitic imidazolate framework ZIF–8–reduced graphene oxide nanocomposite; |
ZnWO4NWs | zinc tungstate nanowires. |
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Electrode | Technique | Linear Range * | Limit of Detection * | Sample | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Chloramphenicol (CAP) | |||||
DME | DPP | <3.20 × 10−5 | 200 ppb | milk | [35] |
Pt | DPV | 0.80–30.00 ** | 10.00 ** | Pharmaceutical formulations, spiked milk samples | [36] |
Au | SWV | 2.50 × 10−6–7.40 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−6 | – | [37] |
BDDE | FIA-AD | 1.00 × 10−7–5.00 × 10−5 | 3.00 × 10−8 | Eye drops | [38] |
CPE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–1.00 × 10−5 | 5.00 × 10−7 | – | [39] |
CFME | SWV | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−5 | 4.70 × 10−8 | Milk | [40] |
BM–PCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–4.00 × 10−5 5.00 × 10−5–5.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−8 | – | [41] |
ET–GCE | SWV | 1.00 × 10−7–7.00 × 10−5 | 6.00 × 10−9 | Eye drops | [42] |
ET–GCE | SWV | 1.60 × 10−6–2.00 × 10−4 | 2.30 × 10−6 | Eye drops, oral suspension | [43] |
GCE in presence of CTAB | LSV | 2.60 × 10−3 – 8.00 *** | 8.30 × 10−4 *** | Milk | [44] |
Ni/GCE | LSV | 1.00 × 10−5–1.00 × 10−3 | 5.00 × 10−6 | Eye drops | [45] |
Fe3O4/ET–GCE | SWV | 9.00 × 10−8–4.70 × 10−5 | 9.00 × 10−8 | Shrimp extract | [46] |
Fe3O4mNPs/CFME | DPV | 4.00 × 10−11–1.00 × 10−6 | 1.70 × 10−11 | Spiked sediment | [47] |
AuNPs/BDDE | SWV | 5.00 × 10−6–3.50 × 10−5 | 5.00 × 10−6 | – | [48] |
c–SWCNH/GCE | – | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−7 | – | [49] |
GNFls/GCE | DPV Amp (–0.476 V) | 1.00 × 10−8–2.70 × 10−7 5.00 × 10−10–5.50 × 10−9 | 4.40 × 10−9 3.80 × 10−10 | Urine | [50] |
EPC/GCE | SWV | 1.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−6 1.00 × 10−6–4.00 × 10−6 | 2.90 × 10−9 | Honey | [51] |
ENC–800/GCE | SWV | 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−4 1.00 × 10−4–1.00 × 10−4 | 4.00 × 10−8 | Honey, milk, domestic sewage | [52] |
rGO/GCE | AdS-DPV | – | 2.20 × 10−7 | Milk | [53] |
3D_rGO/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–1.13 × 10−4 | 1.50 × 10−7 | Eye drops, milk | [54] |
Cl–rGO/GCE | DPV | 2.00 × 10−6–3.50 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−6 | Calf plasma, tap water, milk, eye drops | [55] |
Z–800@rGO/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–1.80 × 10−4 | 2.50 × 10−7 | Milk, honey | [56] |
Gd2(MoO4)3@rG/GCE | Amp (−0.680 V) | 2.00 × 10−8–9.00 × 10−8 | 6.30 × 10−9 | – | [57] |
Co3O4@rGO/GCE | CV DPV Amp | 1.00 × 10−6–2.00 × 10−3 2.00 × 10−6–2.00 × 10−3 1.00 × 10−7–1.50 × 10−3 | 5.50 × 10−7 1.16 × 10−6 1.00 × 10−7 | Milk, honey | [58] |
CoMoO4/GCE | DPV | 6.00 × 10−8–1.19 × 10−3 | 1.40 × 10−8 | Milk, urine | [59] |
NiCo2O4@C/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−7–3.20 × 10−4 | 3.50 × 10−8 | Milk, honey | [60] |
Mn2O3@CCH/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−9–7.94 × 10−6 1.39 × 10−5–9.19 × 10−5 | 3.00 × 10−8 | Tap and drinking water | [61] |
G/CuPc/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−7–2.00 × 10−5 | 2.70 × 10−8 | Eye drops, milk | [62] |
BiOI/G/GCE | PhV | 5.00 × 10−7–5.00 × 10−5 | 1.40 × 10−7 | Eye drops, environmental water | [63] |
TiN–rGO/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−4 | 2.00 × 10−8 | Eye drops | [64] |
GO/ZnO/GCE | DPV | 2.00 × 10−7–7.20 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−8 | Eye drops, milk | [65] |
GO/PdNPs/GCE | Amp (−0.540 V) | 7.00 × 10−9–1.03 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−9 | Milk, urine | [66] |
rGO/PdNPs/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−6 | 5.00 × 10−8 | Tap water, honey | [67] |
Pt–Pd NCs/rGO/GCE | LSV | 2.00 × 10−7–3.00 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−7 | Milk | [68] |
AuNPs/GO/GCE | Amp (−0.450 V) | 1.50 × 10−6–2.95 × 10−6 | 2.50 × 10−7 | Eye drops, milk, honey | [69] |
AuNPs/C3N4/G/GCE | SWV | 7.00 × 10−7–1.20 × 10−4 | 2.70 × 10−8 | Milk | [70] |
AuNPs/N–G/GCE | AdS-LSV | 2.00 × 10−6–8.00 × 10−5 | 5.90 × 10−7 | Eye drops | [6] |
OMIMPF6/AuNPs/SWCNTs/GCE | AdS-LSV | 1.00 × 10−8–6.00 × 10−6 | 5.00 × 10−9 | Milk | [71] |
CuNDs/MWCNTs/GCE | LSV | 1.50 × 10−7–1.20 × 10−5 | 9.84 × 10−9 | Environmental water | [72] |
AgNPs/S-f–G/GCE | AdS-DPV | 2.00 × 10−8–2.00 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−8 | Shrimp | [73] |
MIP(MAA)/3D_CNTs@CuNPs/GCE | CV | 1.00 × 10−5–5.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−5 | Milk | [74] |
MWCNTs/CTAB/PDPA/GCE | AdS-DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−5 | 2.00 × 10−9 | Milk, honey | [75] |
MWCNTs@MIP/P–rGO/CKM–3/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−9–4.00 × 10−6 | 1.00 × 10−10 | Milk, honey | [76] |
OMC/Nafion/GCE | AdS-LSV | 5.00 × 10−7–6.00 × 10−5 | 8.50 × 10−9 | Honey | [77] |
MoS2/PANI/CPE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−4 | 6.90 × 10−8 | honey | [78,79] |
MoS2–rGO/GCE MoS2–MWCNTs/GCE MoS2–CB/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−6–3.50 × 10−5 1.00 × 10−6–3.50 × 10−5 5.00 × 10−6–5.50 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−6 4.00 × 10−7 1.90 × 10−6 | - | [80] |
MoS2/f–MWCNTs/GCE | Amp (−0.520 V) | 8.00 × 10−8–1.39 × 10−3 | 1.50 × 10−8 | Milk, powdered milk, honey | [81] |
N–PC@MoS2/GCE | SWV | 1.00 × 10−5–5.00 × 10−4 | 2.03 × 10−8 | Human serum | [82] |
MoS2–IL/GO/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−7–4.00 × 10−4 | 4.70 × 10−8 | Eye drops, milk, urine | [83] |
MoN@S–GCN/GCE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−7–2.45 × 10−3 | 6.90 × 10−9 | Eye drops, milk | [84] |
MIL–101(Cr)/XC–72/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–2.00 × 10−5 | 1.50 × 10−9 | Eye drops, honey, milk | [85] |
Fe3O4–CMC@AuNPs/GCE | SWV | 2.50 × 10−6–2.50 × 10−5 | 6.60 × 10−8 | Human urine | [86] |
Si–Fe/NOMC/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–5.00 × 10−4 | 3.00 × 10−8 | Eye drops | [87] |
Fe/NC–Nafion/GCE | LSV | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−4 | 3.10 × 10−8 | Milk, urine | [88] |
g–C3N4/MnWO4/GCE | DPV | 4.00 × 10−9–7.10 × 10−8 | 1.03 × 10−9 | Milk, human blood serum, sewage, river samples | [89] |
ZnWO4NWs/GCE | CV | 5.00 × 10−5–5.00 × 10−4 | 3.20 × 10−7 | – | [90] |
CL–Ho3+/Co3O4–NFlos/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–8.00 × 10−6 | 7.10 × 10−9 | Human blood serum, urine, eye drops | [91] |
P(EBT)/GCE | AdS-SWV | 1.00 × 10−8–4.00 × 10−6 | 3.00 × 10−9 | Eye drops, ointments | [92] |
β–CD/CMK-3@PDA /GCE | SWV | 5.00 × 10−7–5.00 × 10−4 | 2.00 × 10−7 | Milk, milk powder, bee pollen, honey | [93] |
PDA–VGCF/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–1.42 × 10−4 | 3.00 × 10−9 | Milk, honey, apple juice | [94] |
SPANI–CHIT/GCE | CV | 5.00 × 10−7–5.00 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−7 | Eye drops | [95] |
MoS2/SDPANI/CPE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−3 | 6.50 × 10−8 | Eye drops | [96] |
PCN–222–CHIT/ PEDOT/ITOE | AdS-DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–8.00 × 10−7 | 1.80 × 10−9 | Tap water | [97] |
CSM@VSM/ITOE | DPV | 0.10–3.60 ** 3.60–15.00 ** | 40 **** | Milk, honey | [98] |
Apt/[NH2–Si]–f–GO/AgNPs/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−11–2.00 × 10−7 | 3.30 × 10−12 | Milk, honey | [7] |
Apt–MIP(Res)/AgNPs/3–ampy–rGO/GCE | EIS | 1.00 × 10−12–1.00 × 10−9 | 3.00 × 10−13 | Milk | [99] |
SSB/CAP/MCH/Apt/PEI–rGO/AuNCs/AuE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−12–1.00 × 10−6 | 2.08 × 10−12 | Chicken meat | [100] |
Apt/PCN–222/GO/AuE | EIS | 1.00 × 10−11–5.00 × 10−8 | 7.04 × 10−12 | [101] | |
tDNA-Apt/SPAuE | DPV | 3.00 × 10−10–2.00 × 10−9 | 1.83 × 10−10 | Milk | [102] |
Anti–CAP/HGNS/CHIT/GCE | DPV | 0.10–1000.00 **** | 0.06 **** | Fish, beef and pork meat | [103] |
Anti–CAP/PVA–co–PE NFM/SPCE | Amp (−0.660 V) | 0.01–10.00 **** | 0.0047 **** | Milk | [104] |
SPCE SPPtE AuNPs/SPCE AuNPs/SPPtE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–5.00 × 10−5 2.50 × 10−7–5.00 × 10−5 | 1.00 × 10−6 1.36 × 10−6 1.00 × 10−7 6.60 × 10−7 | – | [105] |
rGO/Cu2S NS/SPCE | Amp (−0.720 V) | 6.00 × 10−8–1.95 × 10−3 | 1.27 × 10−8 | Milk (fresh, powder), ice cream | [106] |
rGO@NHS@AuNFlos/SPE | DPV | 5.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−9 | Blood serum, milk, powdered milk, honey, eggs, poultry feed | [107] |
MIP(EBT)/SPCE | SWV SWV | 1.00 × 10−9–1.00 × 10−4 | 6.53 × 10−10 6.53 × 10−10 | Home fish aquarium water | [108] |
MIP(MAA)/SPE | CV | 1.00 × 10−8–1.20 × 10−5 | 2.00 × 10−9 | Milk | [109] |
Mn2O3TNSs/SPCE | DPV | 1.50 × 10−8–5.66 × 10−4 | 4.26 × 10−9 | Milk | [110] |
Eu2O3NPs@rGO/SPCE Eu2O3NPs@rGO/RE | CV Amp (0.420 V) | 5.00 × 10−5–2.50 × 10−4 2.00 × 10−8–8.00 × 10−4 | 1.32 × 10−9 | Fresh milk, honey | [111] |
Sr–ZnO@rGO/SPCE | LSV | 1.90 × 10−7–4.11 × 10−4 | 1.31 × 10−7 | Milk, powdered milk | [112] |
Bi2S3@GCN/SPCE | DPV | 2.00 × 10−8–3.74 × 10−4 | 1.20 × 10−9 | Fresh milk, shrimps, honey | [113] |
Fe3O4@G/MSPE | CV | 5.00 × 10−5–5.00 × 10−4 | 1.70 × 10−5 | – | [114] |
MIO@NG/MSPE | SWV | 1.00 × 10−8–2.00 × 10−6 5.00 × 10−6–2.00 × 10−4 | 1.00 × 10−8 | Milk (powder and bottled), eye drops | [115] |
PGE | LSV SWV | 2.50 × 10−6–1.00 × 10−3 2.50 × 10−6–7.50 × 10−4 | 6.09 × 10−7 1.39 × 10−6 | Pharmaceutical capsules | [5] |
FGE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−5–2.00 × 10−4 | 2.70 × 10−6 | Pork meat, milk | [116] |
Ag/CMC@TiO2/LIGE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−8–1.00 × 10−4 | 7.00 × 10−9 | Tap and lake water | [117] |
Thiamphenicol (TAP) | |||||
CNTs/en/AuNPs/SPCE | AdS-DPV | 1.00 × 10−7–1.00 × 10−5 1.00 × 10−5–3.00 × 10−5 | 3.00 × 10−9 | Milk | [118] |
Florfenicol (FF) | |||||
P(3–MTF)/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−4–1.00 × 10−3 | 3.99 × 10−5 | Red and chicken meat | [119] |
G/CuPc/GCE | DPV | 1.00 × 10−6–3.00 × 10−5 | 7.50 × 10−7 | Milk | [62] |
Sensor Support | Linear Range (mol/L) | Sensitivity (Ω/Decade) | RSD (%) 1 | Limit of Detection (mol/L) | Sample | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SPCE | 1.00 × 10−9–1.00 × 10−4 | 100.80 | 3.41 | 2.60 × 10−10 | Home fish aquarium water | [108] |
SPCE | 1.00 × 10−9–1.00 × 10−4 | 103.71 | 2.70 | |||
SPGE | 1.00 × 10−9–1.00 × 10−3 | 77.00 | 1.42 | [122] | ||
LIGE | 1.00 × 10−9–1.00 × 10−2 | 162.50 | 3.18 | 6.20 × 10−10 |
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David, I.G.; Buleandra, M.; Popa, D.E.; Cheregi, M.C.; Iorgulescu, E.E. Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis. Micromachines 2022, 13, 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13050677
David IG, Buleandra M, Popa DE, Cheregi MC, Iorgulescu EE. Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis. Micromachines. 2022; 13(5):677. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13050677
Chicago/Turabian StyleDavid, Iulia Gabriela, Mihaela Buleandra, Dana Elena Popa, Mihaela Carmen Cheregi, and Emilia Elena Iorgulescu. 2022. "Past and Present of Electrochemical Sensors and Methods for Amphenicol Antibiotic Analysis" Micromachines 13, no. 5: 677. https://doi.org/10.3390/mi13050677