Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Luminal Digestive Enzymes and Fecal Bacteria Possess Limited Activity on 3/15ADON
2.2. Small Intestinal and Hepatic Human Cells Display Stronger Deacetylation Activity on 3/15ADON Than Colonic or Renal Cells
2.3. The Deacetylation Activity Is Present in the S9 Fractions But Is Not Due to CES1 or CES2
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Materials
4.2. Cell Culture
4.3. Preparation of Human Intestinal and Hepatic Explants
4.4. Preparation of Human Fecal Bacteria
4.5. Deacetylation Assay
4.6. HPLC Analysis
4.7. Measurement of Carboxylesterases (CES) Activity
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Conditions | Disappearance of 3ADON | Disappearance of 15ADON | Formation of DON from 3ADON | Formation of DON from 15ADON |
---|---|---|---|---|
S9 Intestine | 1166 ± 110 | 208 ± 37 | 916 ± 57 | 250 ± 54 |
S9 Intestine + Benzil | 875 ± 83 | 171 ± 79 | 791 ± 6.6 | 191 ± 37 |
S9 Liver | 1729 ± 27 | 166 ± 3.5 | 1791 ± 48 | 104 ± 12 |
S9 Liver + Benzil | 1583 ± 39 | 125 ± 15 | 1395 ± 18 | 79 ± 29 |
Conditions | Without Benzil | With Benzil | % of Inhibition |
---|---|---|---|
Caco-2 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 83 ± 16 |
T84 | 6.6 ± 0.7 | 0.9 ± 0.2 | 85 ± 14 |
HepG2 | 15.7 ± 1.1 | 2.1 ± 0.1 | 87 ± 12 |
A498 | 6.2 ± 1.8 | 1.1 ± 0.1 | 83 ± 16 |
S9 IntestineT84 | 55 ± 9.9 | 8.3 ± 2.7 | 84 ± 15 |
S9 Liver | 142 ± 4.6 | 21 ± 2.2 | 85 ± 14 |
S9 Kidney | 69 ± 7.6 | 8.1 ± 1.4 | 88 ± 11 |
CES1 | 4965 ± 197 | 167 ± 10 | 96 ± 3.3 |
CES2 | 5671 ± 207 | 214 ± 43 | 96 ± 3.7 |
Conditions | Disappearance of 3ADON | Disappearance of 15ADON | Formation of DON from 3ADON | Formation of DON from 15ADON |
---|---|---|---|---|
Pepsin | 34 ± 7.5 | 40 ± 4.5 | ND | ND |
Trypsin | 57 ± 19 | 94 ± 62 | 36 ± 17 | 99 ± 19 |
Lipase | 48 ± 21 | 42 ± 18 | 34 ± 11 | 42 ± 8.8 |
Pancreatin | 24 ± 16 | 26 ± 17 | 20 ± 15 | 22 ± 9.7 |
Fecal bacteria | 34 ± 0.9 | 5.8 ± 1.3 | 37 ± 1.6 | 14 ± 0.6 |
Caco-2 | 479 ± 97 | 152 ± 38 | 298 ± 48 | 97 ± 27 |
T84 | 80 ± 24 | 98 ± 29 | 72 ± 11 | 91 ± 30 |
HepG2 | 902 ± 78 | 295 ± 41 | 920 ± 34 | 312 ± 52 |
A498 | 79 ± 46 | 0 ± 3.1 | 63 ± 39 | 0 ± 4.7 |
Small intestinal explant | 338 ± 69 | 85 ± 65 | 252 ± 7.5 | 80 ± 62 |
Colonic explant | 22 ±13 | 4.5 ± 5.6 | 14 ± 9.3 | 2.1 ± 4.1 |
Liver explant | 714 ± 198 | 330 ± 34 | 793 ± 231 | 238 ± 38 |
S9 Small intestine | 1250 ± 79 | 166 ± 20 | 875 ± 54 | 128 ± 45 |
S9 Liver | 1791 ± 29 | 208 ± 41 | 1479 ± 50 | 125 ± 33 |
S9 Kidney | 33 ± 8.3 | 16 ± 5.8 | 12 ± 16 | 8.5 ± 11 |
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Ajandouz, E.H.; Berdah, S.; Moutardier, V.; Bege, T.; Birnbaum, D.J.; Perrier, J.; Di Pasquale, E.; Maresca, M. Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches. Toxins 2016, 8, 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080232
Ajandouz EH, Berdah S, Moutardier V, Bege T, Birnbaum DJ, Perrier J, Di Pasquale E, Maresca M. Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches. Toxins. 2016; 8(8):232. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080232
Chicago/Turabian StyleAjandouz, El Hassan, Stéphane Berdah, Vincent Moutardier, Thierry Bege, David Jérémie Birnbaum, Josette Perrier, Eric Di Pasquale, and Marc Maresca. 2016. "Hydrolytic Fate of 3/15-Acetyldeoxynivalenol in Humans: Specific Deacetylation by the Small Intestine and Liver Revealed Using in Vitro and ex Vivo Approaches" Toxins 8, no. 8: 232. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8080232