Effect of Degradation of Zearalenone-Contaminated Feed by Bacillus licheniformis CK1 on Postweaning Female Piglets
1
College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A & F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
2
Institute of Biotechnology and Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
3
Department of Animal Science, McGill University, Montreal, QC H9X 3V9, Canada
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Ting Zhou
Toxins 2016, 8(10), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins8100300
Received: 1 September 2016 / Revised: 9 October 2016 / Accepted: 11 October 2016 / Published: 17 October 2016
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Promising Detoxification Strategies to Mitigate Mycotoxins in Food and Feed)
Zearalenone (ZEA), an estrogenic mycotoxin, is mainly produced by Fusarium fungi. In this study, Bacillus licheniformis CK1 isolated from soil with the capability of degrading ZEA was evaluated for its efficacy in reducing the adverse effects of ZEA in piglets. The gilts were fed one of the following three diets for 14 days: a basic diet for the control group; the basic diet supplemented with ZEA-contaminated basic diet for the treatment 1 (T1) group; and the basic diet supplemented with fermented ZEA-contaminated basic diet by CK1 for the treatment 2 (T2) group. The actual ZEA contents (analyzed) were 0, 1.20 ± 0.11, 0.47 ± 0.22 mg/kg for the control, T1, and T2 diets, respectively. The results showed that the T1 group had significantly increased the size of vulva and the relative weight of reproductive organs compared to the control group at the end of the trial. The T1 group significantly decreased the concentration of the luteinizing hormone (LH) compared with the control and T2 groups. Expression of ERβ was significantly up-regulated in the T2 group compared with the control. In addition, expression of ERβ was not different between the control and the T1 group. In summary, our results suggest that Bacillus licheniformis CK1 could detoxify ZEA in feed and reduce the adverse effects of ZEA in the gilts.
View Full-Text
Keywords:
Bacillus licheniformis CK1; zearalenone (ZEA); serum hormones; estrogen receptor (ER); post-weaning female piglets
▼
Show Figures
Graphical abstract
This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Fu, G.; Ma, J.; Wang, L.; Yang, X.; Liu, J.; Zhao, X. Effect of Degradation of Zearalenone-Contaminated Feed by Bacillus licheniformis CK1 on Postweaning Female Piglets. Toxins 2016, 8, 300.
Show more citation formats
Note that from the first issue of 2016, MDPI journals use article numbers instead of page numbers. See further details here.
