Impact of Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection on Hepatic B Cells
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results and Discussion
2.1. B. anthracis Sterne Infection Allows Dissemination of Gut-Associated Microbes within the Liver
2.2. Characterization of B Cell Subpopulations in the Liver of A/J Mice
2.3. Evaluation of Chemokine and Chemokine Receptors in the Liver during B. anthracis Sterne Infection
2.4. Sterne Infection Increases the Accumulation of Type 2 Innate Lymphoid Cells
3. Experimental Section
3.1. Mice and Ethics Statement
3.2. Bacillus anthracis Spore Preparation and Mouse Infections
3.3. Quantitative Real-Time-PCR
3.4. Isolation of Immune Cells for Flow Cytometry Analyses
3.5. Statistical Analyses
4. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
Appendix
Gene/Organism | Sequence (5ʹ to 3ʹ) | References |
---|---|---|
Bacteroides For | GAGAGGAAGGTCCCCCAC | [36] |
Bacteroides Rev | CGCTACTTGGCTGGTTCAG | |
Bifidobacterium For | CGGGTGAGTAATGCGTGACC | [9] |
Bifidobacterium Rev | TGATAGGACGCGACCCCA | |
Enterobacteriaceae For | GTGCCAGCMGCCGCGGTAA | [9] |
Enterobacteriaceae Rev | GCCTCAAGGGCACAACCTCCAAG | |
Bacillus anthracis For | ATCACCAGAGGCAAGACACCC | [37] |
Bacillus anthracis Rev | ACCAATATCAAAGAACGACGC | |
Cxcl13 For | CAGAATGAGGCTCAGCACAGC | [9] |
Cxcl13 Rev | CAGAATACCGTGGCCTGGAG | |
Cxcl11 For | GGCGTCAAAACATGTGACATCC | [38] |
Cxcl11 Rev | TGGCTGCATGTTCCAAGACAG | |
Cxcl10 For | TCCCTCTCGCAAGGAC | [9] |
Cxcl10 Rev | TTGGCTAAACGCTTTCAT | |
Cxcl12 For | GAGCCAACGTCAAGCATCTG | [9] |
Cxcl12 Rev | CGGGTCAATGCACACTTGTC | |
Cxcl16 For | ACCCTTGTCTCTTGCGTTCTTCCT | [39] |
Cxcl16 Rev | ATGTGATCCAAAGTACCCTGCGGT | |
Ccl25 For | CCAAGGTGCCTTTGAAGACT | [33] |
Ccl25 Rev | TCCTCCAGCTGGTGGTTACT | |
GAPDH For | GGTGAAGGTCGGTGTGAACG | [9] |
GAPDH Rev | CTCGCTCCTGGAAGATGGTG |
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Colliou, N.; Sahay, B.; Zadeh, M.; Owen, J.L.; Mohamadzadeh, M. Impact of Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection on Hepatic B Cells. Toxins 2015, 7, 3805-3817. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7093805
Colliou N, Sahay B, Zadeh M, Owen JL, Mohamadzadeh M. Impact of Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection on Hepatic B Cells. Toxins. 2015; 7(9):3805-3817. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7093805
Chicago/Turabian StyleColliou, Natacha, Bikash Sahay, Mojgan Zadeh, Jennifer L. Owen, and Mansour Mohamadzadeh. 2015. "Impact of Gastrointestinal Bacillus anthracis Infection on Hepatic B Cells" Toxins 7, no. 9: 3805-3817. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins7093805