Immunochemical Methods for Ochratoxin A Detection: A Review
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Antibodies
3. Immunoassay Formats
3.1. RIA (Radioimmunoassay)
3.2. EIA (Enzyme Immunoassay)/ELISA (Enzyme-Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay)
Year | Antibody | Format | Matrix | D.L. | Validation | Reference |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1981 | PAb 1 | dc | buffer | 25 pg | cr | [69] |
1988 | MAb 1 | ic | barley | 5 µg/kg | − | [70] |
1989 | MAb 1 | ic | various | 50 pg/mL | + | [71] |
1990 | MAb 1 | dc | barley | 1 ng/mL | + | [72] |
1991 | MAb 1 | dc | barley | 1 ng/mL | + | [73] |
1996 | MAb 1 | dc | cereals | 0.5 ng/g | + | [74] |
1996 | MAb 1 | dc | buffer | 45 pg/mL | cr | [75] |
1997 | MAb 1 | dc | serum | 0.2 ng/mL | + | [34] |
1998 | MAb 1 | dc | plasma | 4–20 pg/mL | − | [38] |
1999 | MAb 2 | m | wheat | 0.4 ng/mL | +/− | [76] |
2000 | MAb 1 | ic | chilies | 5 ng/mLa | + | [77] |
2002 | MAb 1 | dc | plasma/tissue | 0.5 ng/g | + | [43] |
2002 | MAb 2 | m | coffee | 4 µg/kg | cr | [78] |
2006 | MAb 1 | ic | coffee | 50 pg/mL | + | [28] |
2007 | MAb 1 | ic | coffee | 3.73 ng/g | + | [79] |
2007 | PAb 1 | m/dc | chilies | 10 µg/kg | + | [80] |
2007 | PAb 1 | dc | various | 1 ng/mL | +/− | [81] |
2009 | MAb | str | corn | 2.5 ng/mL | − | [82] |
2011 | PAb 1 | str | grains | 1.5 µg/kg | + | [83] |
2011 | MAb 1 | ic | cereals | 1.70 ng/mL a | − | [84] |
3.3. Sandwich ELISA
3.4. Chemiluminenscent Immunoassay (CL-IA)
3.5. Fluorescent Immunoassay (FIA)
3.5.1. Time-Resolved Fluorescent Immunoassay (TR-FIA)
3.5.2. Fluorescence-Polarization Immunoassay (FP-IA)
3.5.3. FRET (Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer) Immunoassay
3.5.4. Fluorescent Micro-Array Immunoassay
3.6. Lateral Flow Immunoassay (LF-IA)
3.7. Flow-Through Immunoassay
4. Immunosensors
5. Synthetic/Chemical Antibodies
6. Immunoaffinity Chromatography
7. Summary
Conflict of Interest
References
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Meulenberg, E.P. Immunochemical Methods for Ochratoxin A Detection: A Review. Toxins 2012, 4, 244-266. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4040244
Meulenberg EP. Immunochemical Methods for Ochratoxin A Detection: A Review. Toxins. 2012; 4(4):244-266. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4040244
Chicago/Turabian StyleMeulenberg, Eline P. 2012. "Immunochemical Methods for Ochratoxin A Detection: A Review" Toxins 4, no. 4: 244-266. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins4040244