Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Hypertrophy through AMPK/mTOR Mediated Autophagy
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. ZEN-Induced Uterine Hypertrophy in Weaned Piglets
2.2. ZEN-Induced Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Be Active
2.3. The Distribution of AMPK/mTOR Pathway-Related Genes in the Uterus
2.4. The Distribution of LC3 and Beclin1 in the Uterus
2.5. The Distribution of PCNA in the Uterus
2.6. The Expression of Genes Involved in Autophagy, Proliferation, and Apoptosis
2.7. Transcriptome Analysis of Endometrial Epithelial Cells
2.8. Validation of Relative mRNA and Protein Expression of Candidate Genes
3. Discussion
3.1. ZEN-Induced Uterine Hypertrophy and Endometrial Epithelial Cells to Be Active
3.2. The Pathway of AMPK/mTOR
3.3. Expression of Autophagy-Related Genes
3.4. Expression of Proliferation and Apoptosis-Related Genes
4. Conclusions
5. Material and Methods
5.1. Preparation of ZEN Supplemented Diet
5.2. Animals, Experimental Design, and Management
5.3. Histological Examination
5.4. The Observation of Transmission Electron Microscopy
5.5. Immunohistochemistry
5.6. Total RNA Extraction, cDNA Preparation, and Quantitative Real-Time Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR)
5.7. Western Blot Procedure
5.8. Determination of Endometrial Epithelial Cell Activity
5.9. Transcriptome Analysis of Endometrial Epithelial Cells
5.10. Verification of Relative Protein Expression of Genes
5.11. Statistical Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
References
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Yang, L.; Liao, W.; Dong, J.; Chen, X.; Huang, L.; Yang, W.; Jiang, S. Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Hypertrophy through AMPK/mTOR Mediated Autophagy. Toxins 2024, 16, 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020073
Yang L, Liao W, Dong J, Chen X, Huang L, Yang W, Jiang S. Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Hypertrophy through AMPK/mTOR Mediated Autophagy. Toxins. 2024; 16(2):73. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020073
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Lijie, Wenshuang Liao, Jiuyuan Dong, Xiangjin Chen, Libo Huang, Weiren Yang, and Shuzhen Jiang. 2024. "Zearalenone Promotes Uterine Hypertrophy through AMPK/mTOR Mediated Autophagy" Toxins 16, no. 2: 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins16020073