Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor AflZKS3 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Identification of Putative C2H2 Zinc Finger Transcription Factor AflZKS3 in A. flavus
2.2. Deletion of AflZKS3 Affects Growth, Production of Conidia, and AF Biosynthesis
2.3. The ΔAflZKS3 Deletion Mutant Is Highly Sensitive to CFW and NaCl
2.4. Effects of AflZKS3 Deletion on the Pathogenicity of A. flavus on Grain Seeds
2.5. Transcriptome Analysis
2.6. Categorisation of DEGs
2.7. Validation of RNA-Seq
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Strains, Media, and Culture Conditions
4.2. Sequence Homology Analysis
4.3. Construction of Deletion, Complementation, and Localization Strains
4.4. Localization Analysis of AflZKS3 in A. flavus
4.5. Morphological and Physiological Analysis
4.6. Extraction and Detection of AFs
4.7. Evaluation of the Effect of AflZKS3 Deletion on the Growth of A. flavus Infecting Peanut and Corn
4.8. Transcriptome Analysis
4.9. Quantitative Real-Time PCR (qRT-PCR) Verification
4.10. Data Analysis
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Gene Category | Log2(fc) | Name | Description |
---|---|---|---|
Growth | |||
AFLA_046830 | −2.37 | FLOT1 | flotillin domain protein |
AFLA_089670 | −1.38 | freB | ferric reductase transmembrane component 4 precursor |
AFLA_061400 | −1.25 | aspC | aminotransferase |
AFLA_014230 | −1.49 | psd2 | phosphatidylserine decarboxylase |
AFLA_074470 | −2.25 | vosA | nuclear division Rft1 protein |
AFLA_044800 | −1.70 | con-6 | conidiation protein Con-6 |
AFLA_085140 | −1.18 | cetA | extracellular thaumatin domain protein |
AFLA_058960 | −1.03 | DIT2 | hypothetical protein AFLA_058960 |
AFLA_041620 | −6.80 | AQY1 | aquaporin |
AFLA_016100 | −5.30 | betA | glucose-methanol-choline (gmc) oxidoreductase |
AFLA_122440 | −1.40 | SAY1 | lipase/thioesterase family protein |
Cell wall | |||
AFLA_006590 | −1.19 | chiA | class III chitinase ChiA1 |
AFLA_077910 | −2.41 | agn1 | alpha-1,3-glucanase |
AFLA_108860 | −1.03 | gel2 | 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase Gel2 |
AFLA_064920 | 1.96 | gel4 | 1,3-beta-glucanosyltransferase gel4 precursor |
AFLA_124160 | −1.39 | glx3 | intracellular protease/amidase |
AFLA_018750 | −1.09 | gpi13 | phosphatidylinositol glycan |
Secondary metabolism | |||
AFLA_038640 | −1.12 | fasA | fatty acid synthase alpha subunit |
AFLA_139370 | −1.31 | aflB | aflB/fas-1/fatty acid synthase beta subunit |
AFLA_093600 | −2.77 | aflF | oxidoreductase |
AFLA_002920 | −1.94 | aflQ | flavonoid 3-hydroxylase |
AFLA_064290 | −4.26 | imqG | O-methyltransferase |
AFLA_059990 | −3.93 | aclH | O-methyltransferase |
AFLA_101720 | −2.06 | lnaC | cytochrome P450 |
AFLA_097510 | −8.69 | BOT4 | cytochrome P450 monooxygenase |
AFLA_118990 | −2.08 | gliA | efflux pump antibiotic resistance protein |
AFLA_006170 | −1.43 | albA | polyketide synthetase PksP |
AFLA_060010 | −4.70 | nscA | PKS-like enzyme |
AFLA_127090 | −1.43 | pksCT | polyketide synthase |
AFLA_101700 | −2.34 | lnaA | NRPS-like enzyme |
Oxidative stress | |||
AFLA_033420 | −2.26 | sodB | Mn superoxide dismutase MnSOD |
AFLA_034380 | −2.25 | cat1 | catalase |
AFLA_124620 | −9.14 | oxr1 | disulfide oxidoreductase |
AFLA_117020 | −3.24 | ssuD | alkanesulfonate monooxygenase |
AFLA_089810 | −2.34 | dur3 | sodium/solute symporter |
AFLA_075170 | −2.26 | phoD | alkaline phosphatase |
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Liang, L.; Yang, H.; Wei, S.; Zhang, S.; Chen, L.; Hu, Y.; Lv, Y. Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor AflZKS3 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus. Toxins 2022, 14, 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120883
Liang L, Yang H, Wei S, Zhang S, Chen L, Hu Y, Lv Y. Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor AflZKS3 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus. Toxins. 2022; 14(12):883. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120883
Chicago/Turabian StyleLiang, Liuke, Haojie Yang, Shan Wei, Shuaibing Zhang, Liang Chen, Yuansen Hu, and Yangyong Lv. 2022. "Putative C2H2 Transcription Factor AflZKS3 Regulates Aflatoxin and Pathogenicity in Aspergillus flavus" Toxins 14, no. 12: 883. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins14120883