Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Multiple Stxs-Triggered Signaling Pathways
2.1. Ribotoxic Stress
2.2. ER Stress
2.3. Autophagy
2.4. Apoptosis
3. Biomedical Applications of Shiga Toxins
3.1. Holotoxins as Antitumor Tools
3.2. The Antibody-Coupled A Subunit for Cancer Treatment
3.3. The B Subunit as a Delivery Tool
3.3.1. In Vivo Imaging
3.3.2. In-Tumor Targeting
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Robert, A.; Wiels, J. Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools. Toxins 2021, 13, 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100690
Robert A, Wiels J. Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools. Toxins. 2021; 13(10):690. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100690
Chicago/Turabian StyleRobert, Aude, and Joëlle Wiels. 2021. "Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools" Toxins 13, no. 10: 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100690
APA StyleRobert, A., & Wiels, J. (2021). Shiga Toxins as Antitumor Tools. Toxins, 13(10), 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins13100690