Bioactive Components of Pomegranate Oil and Their Influence on Mycotoxin Secretion
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1
National Research Centre, Department of Food Toxicology and Contaminants, Cairo 12622, Egypt
2
Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food Science and Agriculture, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
3
National Research Centre, Department of Food Technology, Cairo 12622, Egypt
4
National Research Centre, Department of Fats and Oils, Cairo 12622, Egypt
5
Department of Food Technology, Arid Lands Cultivation Research Institute, the City of Scientific Research and Technological Application (SRTA-City), New Borg El-Arab 21934, Alexandria, Egypt
6
Department of Physical Sport Science, Nutrition and Food Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Toxins 2020, 12(12), 748; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins12120748
Received: 20 September 2020 / Revised: 22 October 2020 / Accepted: 30 October 2020 / Published: 27 November 2020
(This article belongs to the Collection Strategies to Minimising Mycotoxin Contamination in Foods and Feeds)
Pomegranate, similar to other fruits, has juice-extraction by-products. Pomegranate seed oil (PGO) is a non-traditional oil with health benefits, rich in bioactive components. This study was aimed to assess PGO phytochemicals and their influence as bioactive components to reduce mycotoxin secretion. The encapsulation was applied in micro and nanoforms to protect the quality and enhance the efficacy of the oil. The PGO was extracted using ultrasound-assisted methods. Carotenoids, tocochromanols, sterols, phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant, and antimicrobial activity were determined. The fatty acid profile was analyzed by the GC-MS, while mycotoxin was determined utilizing the HPLC apparatus. The toxicity and protective action of oil were examined using the hepatocytes’ cell line. The resultant oil acts as oleoresin that is rich in bioactive molecules. Phenolics and antioxidant potency recorded higher values compared to traditional vegetable oils, whereas polyunsaturated fatty acids were 87.51%. The major fatty acid was conjugated punicic acid (81.29%), which has high biological effects. Application of the PGO on fungal media reduced aflatoxins secretion up to 63%, and zearalenone up to 78.5%. These results confirm the bio-functionality of oil to regulate the fungal secondary metabolites process. The PGO is a unique prospective non-traditional oil and has several functionalities in food, which achieve nutritional, antioxidant, and anti-mycotoxigenic activities.
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Keywords:
pomegranate oil; encapsulation; mycotoxin reduction; bioactive phytochemicals; zearalenone
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This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited
MDPI and ACS Style
Badr, A.N.; Ali, H.S.; Abdel-Razek, A.G.; Shehata, M.G.; Albaridi, N.A. Bioactive Components of Pomegranate Oil and Their Influence on Mycotoxin Secretion. Toxins 2020, 12, 748.
AMA Style
Badr AN, Ali HS, Abdel-Razek AG, Shehata MG, Albaridi NA. Bioactive Components of Pomegranate Oil and Their Influence on Mycotoxin Secretion. Toxins. 2020; 12(12):748.
Chicago/Turabian StyleBadr, Ahmed N.; Ali, Hatem S.; Abdel-Razek, Adel G.; Shehata, Mohamed G.; Albaridi, Najla A. 2020. "Bioactive Components of Pomegranate Oil and Their Influence on Mycotoxin Secretion" Toxins 12, no. 12: 748.
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