High Consumption of Iron Exacerbates Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, and Female Sterility in Zebrafish via Acceleration of Glycation and Degradation of Serum Lipoproteins
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Chemicals
2.2. Purification of Human Lipoproteins and ApoA-I
2.3. Treatment of Lipoproteins with Ferrous Ion
2.4. Acceleration of LDL Oxidation
2.5. Western Blotting
2.6. LDL Phagocytosis Assay
2.7. Cellular Senescence Assay
2.8. Zebrafish
2.9. Supplementation of Ferrous Ion to Zebrafish
2.10. Histologic Analysis
2.11. Statistical Analysis
3. Results
3.1. Lipoprotein Modification by the FeSO4
3.2. Acceleration of HDL Glycation by FeSO4
3.3. Synergistic Effect of ApoA-I Glycation by FeSO4 and Fructose
3.4. LDL Oxidation and Phagocytosis into Macrophage Was More Facilitated by FeSO4
3.5. Cellular Senescence Was More Accelerated by FeSO4
3.6. High Iron Diet Causes Hyperlipidemia in Zebrafish
3.7. Fatty Liver Induction upon Iron Supplementation
3.8. FeSO4 Consumption Reduces Embryo Production
3.9. Ovarian Tissue Was Damaged by Iron Consumption
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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ND 1 | HCD 2 | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 100) | 0.05% Fe2+ (n = 100) | 0.1% Fe2+ (n = 100) | Control (n = 100) | 0.05% Fe2+ (n = 100) | 0.1% Fe2+ (n = 100) | |
Weight (mg) | 521 ± 36 a,3 | 465 ± 38 b | 465 ± 36 b | 578 ± 39 a | 435 ± 37 b | 470 ± 38 b |
Weight (mg)/height (mm) | 14.5 ± 2.2 a | 12.2 ± 1.3 b | 12.7 ± 1.1 b | 14.7 ± 1.8 a | 11.7 ± 2.7 b | 12.2 ± 1.9 b |
Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 160 ± 12 a | 590 ± 19 b | 340 ±1 2 c | 623 ± 17 a | 893 ± 24 b | 847 ± 10 b |
Triacylglyceride (mg/dL) | 347 ± 12 a | 500 ± 11 b | 604 ± 26 b | 397 ± 12 a | 382 ±16 b | 405 ±12 b |
Glucose (mg/dL) | 188 ± 11 a | 455 ± 24 b | 369 ± 35 b | 206 ± 15 a | 253 ± 12 b | 278 ± 21 b |
AST (Karmen/mL) | 264 ± 14 a | 390 ± 16 b | 539 ± 21 c | 351 ± 24 a | 441 ± 57 b | 551 ± 49 c |
ALT (Karmen/mL) | 26 ± 4 a | 33 ± 9 a,b | 36 ± 12 b | 35 ± 3 a | 34 ± 10 a | 50 ± 2 b |
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Kim, S.-H.; Yadav, D.; Kim, S.-J.; Kim, J.-R.; Cho, K. High Consumption of Iron Exacerbates Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, and Female Sterility in Zebrafish via Acceleration of Glycation and Degradation of Serum Lipoproteins. Nutrients 2017, 9, 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070690
Kim S-H, Yadav D, Kim S-J, Kim J-R, Cho K. High Consumption of Iron Exacerbates Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, and Female Sterility in Zebrafish via Acceleration of Glycation and Degradation of Serum Lipoproteins. Nutrients. 2017; 9(7):690. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070690
Chicago/Turabian StyleKim, So-Hee, Dhananjay Yadav, Suk-Jeong Kim, Jae-Ryong Kim, and Kyung‐Hyun Cho. 2017. "High Consumption of Iron Exacerbates Hyperlipidemia, Atherosclerosis, and Female Sterility in Zebrafish via Acceleration of Glycation and Degradation of Serum Lipoproteins" Nutrients 9, no. 7: 690. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9070690