Association between Knowledge about Comprehensive Food Education and Increase in Dental Caries in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Experimental Section
2.1. Study Population
2.2. Questionnaire
2.3. Oral Examination
2.4. Statistical Analyses
3. Results
4. Discussion
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Covariate | Male | Female | Total | p Value † |
---|---|---|---|---|
(n = 262) | (n = 300) | (n = 562) | ||
Knowledge about shokuiku | ||||
75 (28.6) * | 116 (38.7) | 191 (34.0) | 0.012 | |
An irregular diet | ||||
73 (27.9) | 56 (18.7) | 129 (23.0) | 0.01 | |
Frequent snacking and/or eating at night | ||||
55 (21.0) | 79 (26.3) | 134 (23.8) | 0.138 | |
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||
74 (28.2) | 62 (20.7) | 136 (24.2) | 0.036 | |
Regular dental checkups | ||||
31 (11.8) | 48 (16.0) | 79 (14.1) | 0.156 | |
Brushing teeth (daily frequency) | ||||
≥2 times | 207 (79.0) | 274 (91.3) | 481 (85.6) | <0.001 |
Dental floss (usage) | ||||
12 (4.6) | 14 (4.7) | 26 (4.6) | 0.961 | |
Fluoride dentifrice (usage) | ||||
53 (20.2) | 69 (23.0) | 122 (21.7) | 0.427 |
Covariate | Male | p Value † | Female | p Value † | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Knowledge | Knowledge | Knowledge | Knowledge | |||
(+) | (−) | (+) | (−) | |||
(n = 75) | (n = 187) | (n = 116) | (n = 184) | |||
An irregular diet | ||||||
19 (25.3) * | 54 (28.9) | 0.563 | 23 (19.8) | 33 (17.9) | 0.682 | |
Frequent snacking and/or eating at night | ||||||
10 (13.3) | 45 (24.1) | 0.054 | 21 (18.1) | 58 (31.5) | 0.010 | |
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||||
17 (22.7) | 57 (30.5) | 0.204 | 21 (18.1) | 41 (22.3) | 0.384 | |
Regular dental checkups | ||||||
6 (8.0) | 25 (13.4) | 0.224 | 16 (13.8) | 32 (17.4) | 0.408 | |
Brushing teeth (daily frequency) | ||||||
≥2 times | 57 (76.0) | 150 (80.2) | 0.449 | 108 (93.1) | 166 (90.2) | 0.387 |
Dental floss (usage) | ||||||
7 (9.3) | 5 (2.7) | 0.020 | 5 (4.3) | 9 (4.9) | 0.816 | |
Fluoride dentifrice (usage) | ||||||
15 (20.0) | 38 (20.3) | 0.953 | 31 (26.7) | 38 (20.7) | 0.224 |
Covariate | Male | p Value † | Female | p Value † | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DMFT | DMFT | DMFT | DMFT | |||
No Increase | Increase | No Increase | Increase | |||
(n = 138) | (n = 124) | (n = 147) | (n = 153) | |||
Knowledge about shokuiku | ||||||
48 (34.8) * | 27 (21.8) | 0.020 | 50 (34.0) | 66 (43.1) | 0.105 | |
An irregular diet | ||||||
38 (27.5) | 35 (28.2) | 0.901 | 26 (17.7) | 30 (19.6) | 0.67 | |
Frequent snacking and/or eating at night | ||||||
25 (18.1) | 30 (24.2) | 0.228 | 38 (25.9) | 41 (26.8) | 0.852 | |
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||||
32 (23.2) | 42 (33.9) | 0.055 | 23 (15.6) | 39 (25.5) | 0.035 | |
Regular dental checkups | ||||||
17 (12.3) | 14 (11.3) | 0.797 | 24 (16.3) | 24 (15.7) | 0.880 | |
Brushing teeth (daily frequency) | ||||||
≥2 times | 115 (83.3) | 92 (74.4) | 0.070 | 137 (93.2) | 137 (89.5) | 0.261 |
Dental floss (usage) | ||||||
7 (5.1) | 5 (4.0) | 0.668 | 6 (4.1) | 8 (5.2) | 0.638 | |
Fluoride dentifrice (usage) | ||||||
30 (21.7) | 23 (18.5) | 0.521 | 29 (19.7) | 40 (26.1) | 0.187 |
Independent Variables | Male (n = 262) | Female (n = 300) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Adjusted OR * | p Value | Adjusted OR * | p Value | |
(95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||
Knowledge about shokuiku | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 2.00 (1.12–3.58) | 0.019 | 0.66 (0.40–1.07) | 0.090 |
An irregular diet | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 0.88 (0.50–1.56) | 0.657 | 1.08 (0.58–2.01) | 0.813 |
Frequent snacking and/or eating at night | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.09 (0.57–2.08) | 0.799 | 1.05 (0.61–1.82) | 0.958 |
Frequent consumption of sugar-sweetened soft drinks | ||||
No | 1 | 1 | ||
Yes | 1.41 (0.79–2.51) | 0.243 | 1.89 (1.05–3.42) | 0.035 |
Regular dental checkups | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 1.29 (0.59–2.86) | 0.525 | 1.02 (0.53–1.97) | 0.945 |
Brushing teeth (daily frequency) | ||||
≥2 times | 1 | 1 | ||
<2 times | 1.72 (0.90–3.27) | 0.098 | 1.55 (0.66–3.63) | 0.318 |
Dental floss (usage) | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 0.90 (0.26–3.06) | 0.863 | 0.69 (0.21–2.23) | 0.690 |
Fluoride dentifrice (usage) | ||||
Yes | 1 | 1 | ||
No | 1.28 (0.68–2.41) | 0.453 | 0.71 (0.40–1.24) | 0.221 |
DMFT | 1.04 (0.95–1.14) | 0.348 | 0.94 (0.86–1.02) | 0.121 |
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Kunitomo, M.; Ekuni, D.; Mizutani, S.; Tomofuji, T.; Irie, K.; Azuma, T.; Yamane, M.; Kataoka, K.; Taniguchi-Tabata, A.; Mizuno, H.; et al. Association between Knowledge about Comprehensive Food Education and Increase in Dental Caries in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients 2016, 8, 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030114
Kunitomo M, Ekuni D, Mizutani S, Tomofuji T, Irie K, Azuma T, Yamane M, Kataoka K, Taniguchi-Tabata A, Mizuno H, et al. Association between Knowledge about Comprehensive Food Education and Increase in Dental Caries in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study. Nutrients. 2016; 8(3):114. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030114
Chicago/Turabian StyleKunitomo, Muneyoshi, Daisuke Ekuni, Shinsuke Mizutani, Takaaki Tomofuji, Koichiro Irie, Tetsuji Azuma, Mayu Yamane, Kota Kataoka, Ayano Taniguchi-Tabata, Hirofumi Mizuno, and et al. 2016. "Association between Knowledge about Comprehensive Food Education and Increase in Dental Caries in Japanese University Students: A Prospective Cohort Study" Nutrients 8, no. 3: 114. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8030114